<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">usfd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ультразвуковая и функциональная диагностика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrasound &amp; Functional Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Vidar Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24835/1607-0771-2020-2-13-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">usfd-106</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Ультразвуковая диагностика заболеваний внутренних органов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>General Ultrasound</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Количественный анализ трансректального ультразвукового исследования с контрастным усилением в диагностике рака предстательной железы (абсолютные параметры): предварительные результаты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General Ultrasound Quantitative contrast enhanced transrectal ultrasound (absolute parameters) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: preliminary results</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадрев</surname><given-names>Алексей Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadrev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">akadrev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митькова</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitkova</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рязанцев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryazantcev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камалов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamalov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митьков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitkov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО “Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова”; ФГБОУ ДПО “Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования” Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО “Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования” Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО “Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова”<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кадрев А.В., Митькова М.Д., Рязанцев А.А., Камалов А.А., Митьков В.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кадрев А.В., Митькова М.Д., Рязанцев А.А., Камалов А.А., Митьков В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kadrev A.V., Mitkova M.D., Ryazantcev A.A., Kamalov A.A., Mitkov V.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://usfd.vidar.ru/jour/article/view/106">https://usfd.vidar.ru/jour/article/view/106</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования - выявление наиболее информативных абсолютных количественных показателей трансректального ультразвукового исследования с контрастным усилением в диагностике рака предстательной железы. Обследовано 75 пациентов с подозрением на рак предстательной железы. Критериями включения являлись подозрительные результаты пальце вого ректального исследования и (или) повышение уровня общего простатспецифического антигена сыворотки крови при наличии подозрительных (гипоэхогенных) очагов в периферической зоне ПЖ, выявленных при серошкальном ТРУЗИ. Во всех случаях трансректальное ультразвуковое исследование с контрастным усилением было выполнено до установления окончательного диагноза. Ультразвуковые исследования выполнялись на аппарате Epiq 5 (Philips, Нидерланды) с помощью высокочастотного внутриполостного датчика, работающего в диапазоне частот 4-10 МГц. Использовался ультразвуковой контрастный препарат Соновью (Bracco Swiss S.A., Швейцария). Прицельная биопсия осуществлялась из гипоэхогенных очагов - зон интереса, которые были предварительно выбраны для количественного анализа контрастного усиления. В зависимости от результатов гистологического исследования материала, полученного при помощи прицельной биопсии, исследуемые очаги были распределены на две группы: основная группа (РПЖ), включающая верифицированный рак предстательной железы в зоне интереса (n = 30), и группа сравнения (не РПЖ), включающая отсутствие верификации рака предстательной железы в зоне интереса (n = 45). При анализе кривой “время-интенсивность” оценивались следующие параметры: 1) скорость нарастания (WIR (wash-in rate)) (дБ/с); 2) время до пика интенсивности (TTP (time to peak)) (с); 3) пиковая интенсивность (PI (peak intensity)) (дБ); 4) среднее время транзита (MTT (mean transit time)) (с); 5) время полувыведения (DT/2 (descending time/2)) (с); 6) время роста (RT (rise time)) (с). Достоверные различия в зонах интереса между группами получены по пара метрам WIR (P = 0,0026) и RT (P = 0,0047). Тест “WIR &gt; 2,114 дБ/с - рак предстательной железы” характеризуется чувствительностью 50,0%, специфичностью 84,4%, предсказательной ценностью положительного теста 68,2%, предска зательной ценностью отрицательного теста 71,7%, AUC 0,706. Тест “RT ≤ 6,718 с - рак предстательной железы” характеризуется чувствительностью 70,0%, специфичностью 66,7%, предсказательной ценностью положительного теста 58,3%, предсказательной ценностью отрицательного теста 76,9%, AUC 0,694. Определяются достоверные корреляции суммы Глисона с WIR (rS = 0,521, P = 0,0032), TTP (rS = -0,503, P = 0,0046) и PI (rS = 0,378, P = 0,0393). Использование абсолютных параметров количественного анализа трансректального ультразвукового исследования с контрастным усилением может привести к повышению эффективности прицельных биопсий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to identify the most informative absolute quantitative parameters of contrast enhanced transrectal ultrasound in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The study group consisted of 75 patients with suspected prostate cancer (based on the results of digital rectal examination and/or increased level of total prostate-specific antigen in the presence of suspicious (hypoechoic) foci in the peripheral zone of the prostate on grayscale transrectal ultrasound. In all cases contrast enhanced transrectal ultrasound was performed before the final diagnosis was established. Ultrasound examinations were performed using Epiq 5 (Philips, Netherlands) with high-frequency (4-10 MHz) intracavitary probe. SonoVue (Bracco Swiss S.A., Switzerland) was used as ultrasound contrast agent. Hypoechoic foci - pre-selected regions of interest for quantitative contrast enhanced transrectal ultrasound - were underwent to targeted prostate biopsy. The studied foci were divided into two groups, depending on the results of histological examination: the foci with verified prostate cancer (n = 30) (main group with prostate cancer) and foci with absence of prostate cancer (n = 45) (control group without prostate cancer). The following parameters of time-intensity curve were analyzed: 1) wash-in rate (WIR), dB/s; 2) time to peak (TTP), s; 3) peak intensity (PI), dB; 4) mean transit time (MTT), s; 5) descending time/2 (DT/2), s; 6) rise time (RT), s. Statistically significant differences of WIR (P = 0.0026) and RT (P = 0.0047) between the groups were obtained. The test “WIR &gt; 2.114 dB/s - prostate cancer” is characterized by sensitivity of 50.0%, specificity of 84.4%, positive predictive value of 68.2%, negative predictive value of 71.7%, AUC of 0.706. The test “RT ≤ 6.718 s - prostate cancer” is characterized by sensitivity of 70.0%, specificity of 66.7%, positive predictive value of 58.3%, negative predictive value of 76.9%, AUC of 0.694. Statistically significant correlations of the Gleason sum with WIR (rS = 0.521, P = 0.0032), TTP (rS = -0.503, P = 0.0046), and PI (rS = 0.378, P = 0.0393) were obtained. The use of absolute quantitative parameters of contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound can improve the efficiency of targeted prostate biopsies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансректальное ультразвуковое исследование с контрастным усилением</kwd><kwd>количественный анализ</kwd><kwd>перфузия</kwd><kwd>предстательная железа</kwd><kwd>рак предстательной железы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)</kwd><kwd>quantitative analysis</kwd><kwd>perfusion</kwd><kwd>prostate</kwd><kwd>prostate cancer</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bray F., Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I., Siegel R.L., Torre L.A., Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries // CA Cancer J. Clin. 2018. V. 68. No. 6. P. 394-424. Doi: 10.3322/caac.21492.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bray F., Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I., Siegel R.L., Torre L.A., Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries // CA Cancer J. Clin. 2018. V. 68. No. 6. P. 394-424. Doi: 10.3322/caac.21492.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2018 году (заболеваемость и смертность) / Под ред. А.Д. Каприна, В.В. Старинского, Г.В. Петровой. М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена - филиал ФГБУ “НМИЦ радиологии” Минздрава России, 2019. 250 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2018 году (заболеваемость и смертность) / Под ред. А.Д. Каприна, В.В. Старинского, Г.В. Петровой. М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена - филиал ФГБУ “НМИЦ радиологии” Минздрава России, 2019. 250 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mottet N., Cornford P., van den Bergh R.C.N. et al. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR- SIOG Guidelines on prostate cancer // EAU Guidelines, 2020. Режим доступа: // https://uroweb.org/guideline/prostate-cancer/, свободный. Загл. с экрана. 04.04.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mottet N., Cornford P., van den Bergh R.C.N. et al. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR- SIOG Guidelines on prostate cancer // EAU Guidelines, 2020. Режим доступа: // https://uroweb.org/guideline/prostate-cancer/, свободный. Загл. с экрана. 04.04.2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mai Z., Xiao Y., Yan W., Zhou Y., Zhou Z., Liang Z., Ji Z., Li H. Comparison of lesions detected and undetected by template-guided transperineal saturation prostate biopsy // BJU Int. 2018. V. 121. No. 3. P. 415-420. Doi: 10.1111/bju.13977.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mai Z., Xiao Y., Yan W., Zhou Y., Zhou Z., Liang Z., Ji Z., Li H. Comparison of lesions detected and undetected by template-guided transperineal saturation prostate biopsy // BJU Int. 2018. V. 121. No. 3. P. 415-420. Doi: 10.1111/bju.13977.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ploussard G., Salomon L., Xylinas E., Allory Y., Vordos D., Hoznek A., Abbou C.C., de la Taille A. Pathological findings and prostate specific antigen outcomes after radical prostatectomy in men eligible for active surveillance - does the risk of misclassification vary according to biopsy criteria? // J. Urol. 2010. V. 183. No. 2. P. 539-544. Doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.10.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ploussard G., Salomon L., Xylinas E., Allory Y., Vordos D., Hoznek A., Abbou C.C., de la Taille A. Pathological findings and prostate specific antigen outcomes after radical prostatectomy in men eligible for active surveillance - does the risk of misclassification vary according to biopsy criteria? // J. Urol. 2010. V. 183. No. 2. P. 539-544. Doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.10.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loeb S., Bjurlin M.A., Nicholson J., Tammela T.L., Penson D.F., Carter H.B., Carroll P., Etzioni R. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer // Eur. Urol. 2014. V. 65. No. 6. P. 1046-1055. Doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.12.062.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loeb S., Bjurlin M.A., Nicholson J., Tammela T.L., Penson D.F., Carter H.B., Carroll P., Etzioni R. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer // Eur. Urol. 2014. V. 65. No. 6. P. 1046-1055. Doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.12.062.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prorok P.C., Wright P., Riley T.R., Kramer B.S., Berg C.D., Gohagan J.K. Overall and multiphasic findings of the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian (PLCO) randomized cancer screening trial // Rev. Recent Clin. Trials. 2018. V. 13. No. 4. P. 257-273. Doi: 10.2174/1574887113666180409153059.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prorok P.C., Wright P., Riley T.R., Kramer B.S., Berg C.D., Gohagan J.K. Overall and multiphasic findings of the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian (PLCO) randomized cancer screening trial // Rev. Recent Clin. Trials. 2018. V. 13. No. 4. P. 257-273. Doi: 10.2174/1574887113666180409153059.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Willis S.R., van der Meulen J., Valerio M., Miners A., Ahmed H.U., Emberton M. A review of economic evaluations of diagnostic strategies using imaging in men at risk of prostate cancer // Curr. Opin. Urol. 2015. V. 25. No. 6. P. 483-489. Doi: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000220.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Willis S.R., van der Meulen J., Valerio M., Miners A., Ahmed H.U., Emberton M. A review of economic evaluations of diagnostic strategies using imaging in men at risk of prostate cancer // Curr. Opin. Urol. 2015. V. 25. No. 6. P. 483-489. Doi: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000220.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walz J. The “PROMIS” of magnetic resonance imaging cost effectiveness in prostate cancer diagnosis? // Eur. Urol. 2018. V. 73. No. 1. P. 31-32. Doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.09.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walz J. The “PROMIS” of magnetic resonance imaging cost effectiveness in prostate cancer diagnosis? // Eur. Urol. 2018. V. 73. No. 1. P. 31-32. Doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.09.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenkrantz A.B., Verma S., Choyke P., Eberhardt S.C., Eggener S.E., Gaitonde K., Haider M.A., Margolis D.J., Marks L.S., Pinto P., Sonn G.A., Taneja S.S. Prostate magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy in patients with a prior negative biopsy: a consensus statement by AUA and SAR // J. Urol. 2016. V. 196. No. 6. P. 1613-1618. Doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.06.079.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenkrantz A.B., Verma S., Choyke P., Eberhardt S.C., Eggener S.E., Gaitonde K., Haider M.A., Margolis D.J., Marks L.S., Pinto P., Sonn G.A., Taneja S.S. Prostate magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy in patients with a prior negative biopsy: a consensus statement by AUA and SAR // J. Urol. 2016. V. 196. No. 6. P. 1613-1618. Doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.06.079.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sidhu P.S., Cantisani V., Dietrich C.F., Gilja O.H., Saftoiu A., Bartels E., Bertolotto M., Calliada F., Clevert D.A., Cosgrove D., Deganello A., D’Onofrio M., Drudi F.M., Freeman S., Harvey C., Jenssen C., Jung E.M., Klauser A.S., Lassau N., Meloni M.F., Leen E., Nicolau C., Nolsoe C., Piscaglia F., Prada F., Prosch H., Radzina M., Savelli L., Weskott H.P., Wijkstra H. The EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations for the clinical practice of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in non-hepatic applications: update 2017 (long version ) // Ultraschall Med. 2018. V. 39. No. 2. P. e2-e44. Doi: 10.1055/a-0586-1107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidhu P.S., Cantisani V., Dietrich C.F., Gilja O.H., Saftoiu A., Bartels E., Bertolotto M., Calliada F., Clevert D.A., Cosgrove D., Deganello A., D’Onofrio M., Drudi F.M., Freeman S., Harvey C., Jenssen C., Jung E.M., Klauser A.S., Lassau N., Meloni M.F., Leen E., Nicolau C., Nolsoe C., Piscaglia F., Prada F., Prosch H., Radzina M., Savelli L., Weskott H.P., Wijkstra H. The EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations for the clinical practice of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in non-hepatic applications: update 2017 (long version ) // Ultraschall Med. 2018. V. 39. No. 2. P. e2-e44. Doi: 10.1055/a-0586-1107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Russo G., Mischi M., Scheepens W., De la Ro - sette J.J., Wijkstra H. Angiogenesis in prostate cancer: onset, progression and imaging // BJU Int. 2012. V. 110. No. 11. P. E794-E808. Doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11444.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russo G., Mischi M., Scheepens W., De la Ro - sette J.J., Wijkstra H. Angiogenesis in prostate cancer: onset, progression and imaging // BJU Int. 2012. V. 110. No. 11. P. E794-E808. Doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11444.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyata Y., Sakai H. Reconsideration of the clinical and histopathological significance of angiogenesis in prostate cancer: usefulness and limitations of microvessel density measurement // Int. J. Urol. 2015. V. 22. No. 9. P. 806-815. Doi: 10.1111/iju.12840.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyata Y., Sakai H. Reconsideration of the clinical and histopathological significance of angiogenesis in prostate cancer: usefulness and limitations of microvessel density measurement // Int. J. Urol. 2015. V. 22. No. 9. P. 806-815. Doi: 10.1111/iju.12840.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erbersdobler A., Isbarn H., Dix K., Steiner I., Schlomm T., Mirlacher M., Sauter G., Haese A. Prognostic value of microvessel density in prostate cancer: a tissue microarray study // World J. Urol. 2010. V. 28. No. 6. P. 687-692. Doi: 10.1007/s00345-009-0471-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erbersdobler A., Isbarn H., Dix K., Steiner I., Schlomm T., Mirlacher M., Sauter G., Haese A. Prognostic value of microvessel density in prostate cancer: a tissue microarray study // World J. Urol. 2010. V. 28. No. 6. P. 687-692. Doi: 10.1007/s00345-009-0471-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sano F., Terao H., Kawahara T., Miyoshi Y., Sasaki T., Noguchi K., Kubota Y., Uemura H. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the prostate: various imaging findings that indicate prostate cancer // BJU Int. 2011. V. 107. No. 9. P. 1404-1410. Doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09735.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sano F., Terao H., Kawahara T., Miyoshi Y., Sasaki T., Noguchi K., Kubota Y., Uemura H. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the prostate: various imaging findings that indicate prostate cancer // BJU Int. 2011. V. 107. No. 9. P. 1404-1410. Doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09735.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delgado Oliva F., Arlandis Guzman S., Bonillo García M., Broseta Rico E., Boronat Tormo F. Diagnostic performance of power doppler and ultrasound contrast agents in early imaging-based diagnosis of organ-confined prostate cancer: is it possible to spare cores with contrast-guided biopsy? // Eur. J. Radiol. 2016. V. 85. No. 10. P. 1778-1785. Doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.07.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delgado Oliva F., Arlandis Guzman S., Bonillo García M., Broseta Rico E., Boronat Tormo F. Diagnostic performance of power doppler and ultrasound contrast agents in early imaging-based diagnosis of organ-confined prostate cancer: is it possible to spare cores with contrast-guided biopsy? // Eur. J. Radiol. 2016. V. 85. No. 10. P. 1778-1785. Doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.07.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qi T.Y., Sun H.G., Li N.F., Feng H., Ding Y.L., Wang X.X. Value of three-section contrastenhanced transrectal ultrasonography in the detection of prostate cancer // J. Clin. Ultrasound. 2017. V. 45. No. 5. P. 304-309. Doi: 10.1002/jcu.22458.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qi T.Y., Sun H.G., Li N.F., Feng H., Ding Y.L., Wang X.X. Value of three-section contrastenhanced transrectal ultrasonography in the detection of prostate cancer // J. Clin. Ultrasound. 2017. V. 45. No. 5. P. 304-309. Doi: 10.1002/jcu.22458.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yunkai Z., Yaqing C., Jun J., Tingyue Q., Weiyong L., Yuehong Q., Wenbin G., Lifeng W., Jun Q. Comparison of contrast-enhanced ultrasound targeted biopsy versus standard systematic biopsy for clinically significant prostate cancer detection: results of a prospective cohort study with 1024 patients // World J. Urol. 2019. V. 37. No. 5. P. 805-811. Doi: 10.1007/s00345-018-2441-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yunkai Z., Yaqing C., Jun J., Tingyue Q., Weiyong L., Yuehong Q., Wenbin G., Lifeng W., Jun Q. Comparison of contrast-enhanced ultrasound targeted biopsy versus standard systematic biopsy for clinically significant prostate cancer detection: results of a prospective cohort study with 1024 patients // World J. Urol. 2019. V. 37. No. 5. P. 805-811. Doi: 10.1007/s00345-018-2441-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dietrich C.F., Averkiou M.A., Correas J.M., Lassau N., Leen E., Piscaglia F. An EFSUMB introduction into Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (DCE-US) for quantification of tumour perfusion // Ultraschall Med. 2012. V. 33. No. 4. P. 344-351. Doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1313026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dietrich C.F., Averkiou M.A., Correas J.M., Lassau N., Leen E., Piscaglia F. An EFSUMB introduction into Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (DCE-US) for quantification of tumour perfusion // Ultraschall Med. 2012. V. 33. No. 4. P. 344-351. Doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1313026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang J.C., Tang J., Li Y., Fei X., Shi H. Contrastenhanced transrectal ultrasound for assessing vascularization of hypoechoic BPH nodules in the transition and peripheral zones: comparison with pathological examination // Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2008. V. 34. No. 11. P. 1758-1764. Doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.04.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang J.C., Tang J., Li Y., Fei X., Shi H. Contrastenhanced transrectal ultrasound for assessing vascularization of hypoechoic BPH nodules in the transition and peripheral zones: comparison with pathological examination // Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2008. V. 34. No. 11. P. 1758-1764. Doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.04.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eckersley R.J., Sedelaar J.P., Blomley M.J., Wijkstra H., deSouza N.M., Cosgrove D.O., de la Rosette J.J. Quantitative microbubble enhanced transrectal ultrasound as a tool for monitoring hormonal treatment of prostate carcinoma // Prostate. 2002. V. 51. No. 4. P. 256-267. Doi: 10.1002/pros.10065.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eckersley R.J., Sedelaar J.P., Blomley M.J., Wijkstra H., deSouza N.M., Cosgrove D.O., de la Rosette J.J. Quantitative microbubble enhanced transrectal ultrasound as a tool for monitoring hormonal treatment of prostate carcinoma // Prostate. 2002. V. 51. No. 4. P. 256-267. Doi: 10.1002/pros.10065.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goossen T.E., de la Rosette J.J., Hulsbergen-van de Kaa C.A., van Leenders G.J., Wijkstra H. The value of dynamic contrast enhanced power Doppler ultrasound imaging in the localization of prostate cancer // Eur. Urol. 2003. V. 43. No. 2. P. 124-131. Doi: 10.1016/s0302-2838(02)00582-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goossen T.E., de la Rosette J.J., Hulsbergen-van de Kaa C.A., van Leenders G.J., Wijkstra H. The value of dynamic contrast enhanced power Doppler ultrasound imaging in the localization of prostate cancer // Eur. Urol. 2003. V. 43. No. 2. P. 124-131. Doi: 10.1016/s0302-2838(02)00582-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu Y., Chen Y., Jiang J., Wang R., Zhou Y., Zhang H. Contrast-enhanced harmonic ultrasonography for the assessment of prostate cancer aggressiveness: a preliminary study // Korean J. Radiol. 2010. V. 11. No. 1. P. 75-83. Doi: 10.3348/kjr.2010.11.1.75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu Y., Chen Y., Jiang J., Wang R., Zhou Y., Zhang H. Contrast-enhanced harmonic ultrasonography for the assessment of prostate cancer aggressiveness: a preliminary study // Korean J. Radiol. 2010. V. 11. No. 1. P. 75-83. Doi: 10.3348/kjr.2010.11.1.75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baur A.D.J., Schwabe J., Rogasch J., Maxeiner A., Penzkofer T., Stephan C., Rudl M., Hamm B., Jung E.M., Fischer T. A direct comparison of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for prostate cancer detection and prediction of aggressiveness // Eur. Radiol. 2018. V. 28. No. 5. P. 1949-1960. Doi: 10.1007/s00330-017-5192-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baur A.D.J., Schwabe J., Rogasch J., Maxeiner A., Penzkofer T., Stephan C., Rudl M., Hamm B., Jung E.M., Fischer T. A direct comparison of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for prostate cancer detection and prediction of aggressiveness // Eur. Radiol. 2018. V. 28. No. 5. P. 1949-1960. Doi: 10.1007/s00330-017-5192-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Epstein J.I., Egevad L., Amin M.B., Delahunt B., Srigley J.R., Humphrey P.A.; Grading Committee. The 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Gleason Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma: Definition of Grading Patterns and Proposal for a New Grading System // Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2016. V. 40. No. 2. P. 244-252. Doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000530.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epstein J.I., Egevad L., Amin M.B., Delahunt B., Srigley J.R., Humphrey P.A.; Grading Committee. The 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Gleason Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma: Definition of Grading Patterns and Proposal for a New Grading System // Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2016. V. 40. No. 2. P. 244-252. Doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000530.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maxeiner A., Fischer T., Schwabe J., Baur A.D.J., Stephan C., Peters R., Slowinski T., von Laffert M., Marticorena Garcia S.R., Hamm B., Jung E.M. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) and Quantitative Perfusion Analysis in Patients with Suspicion for Prostate Cancer // Ultraschall Med. 2019. V. 40. No. 3. P. 340-348. Doi: 10.1055/a-0594-2093.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maxeiner A., Fischer T., Schwabe J., Baur A.D.J., Stephan C., Peters R., Slowinski T., von Laffert M., Marticorena Garcia S.R., Hamm B., Jung E.M. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) and Quantitative Perfusion Analysis in Patients with Suspicion for Prostate Cancer // Ultraschall Med. 2019. V. 40. No. 3. P. 340-348. Doi: 10.1055/a-0594-2093.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
