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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">usfd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ультразвуковая и функциональная диагностика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrasound &amp; Functional Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Vidar Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24835/1607-0771-353</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">usfd-353</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Ультразвуковая диагностика в акушерстве и гинекологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности ультразвуковой диагностики в предикции спонтанных преждевременных родов (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Value of ultrasound in the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth: a literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8222-5670</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривоносова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivonosova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кривоносова Наталья Владимировна – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии №2 ФГБОУ ВО “Кубанский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России, Краснодар<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8222-5670" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8222-5670</ext-link>E-mail: natalja.krivonosova@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Krivonosova – MD, PhD (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology No. 2, Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8222-5670" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8222-5670</ext-link>E-mail: natalja.krivonosova@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalja.krivonosova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0536-4500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макухина</surname><given-names>Т. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makukhina</surname><given-names>T. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макухина Татьяна Борисовна – доктор мед. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии № 2 ФГБОУ ВО “Кубанский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России, Краснодар<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0536-4500" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0536-4500</ext-link>E-mail:  Soltatiana@mail.ru </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana B. Makukhina – MD, Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology No. 2, Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0536-4500" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0536-4500</ext-link>E-mail:  Soltatiana@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Soltatiana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8672-219X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривоносова</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivonosova</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кривоносова Ольга Михайловна – студентка 1-го курса магистратуры кафедры биотехнологии (профиль “медицинская биотехнология”) ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8672-219X" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8672-219X</ext-link>E-mail: olkrivonosova@mail.ru </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krivonosova Olga Mikhailovna – First-year Master’s student at the Department of Biotechnology (specialization: Medical Biotechnology), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8672-219X" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8672-219X</ext-link>E-mail: olkrivonosova@mail.ru </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olkrivonosova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО “Кубанский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kuban State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кривоносова Н.В., Макухина Т.Б., Кривоносова О.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кривоносова Н.В., Макухина Т.Б., Кривоносова О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krivonosova N.V., Makukhina T.B., Krivonosova O.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://usfd.vidar.ru/jour/article/view/353">https://usfd.vidar.ru/jour/article/view/353</self-uri><abstract><p>Преждевременные роды (ПР) являются основной причиной неонатальной и младенческой заболеваемости и смертности. В настоящем обзоре обобщены современные достижения ультразвуковой диагностики в предикции спонтанных ПР. Особое внимание уделено методологии трансвагинальной цервикометрии, а также другим ультразвуковым маркерам, таким как “сладж”, маточно-цервикальный угол, железистая зона шейки матки, оценка оболочек, эластография и маркеры фетального ответа. Также подчеркивается необходимость разработки стандартизированных протоколов и выполнения валидационных исследований для повышения воспроизводимости и эффективности применения используемых ультразвуковых маркеров предикции спонтанных ПР.</p><p>К настоящему времени доказано, что выполнение ультразвуковой цервикометрии с 15-й по 24-ю неделю гестации эффективно прогнозирует экстремально ранние ПР вследствие истмико-цервикальной недостаточности (ИЦН), однако стандарт исследования часто не соблюдается в рутинной практике.</p><p>Спорным остается использование параметров эластографии, маточно-цервикального угла и железистого индекса в качестве предикторов ПР вследствие ИЦН, оценки плодных оболочек, наличия “сладжа” и оценки органов плода в качестве предикторов ПР инфекционного генеза. Хотя указанные признаки имеют определенный потенциал для выделения группы риска ПР, их прогностическая ценность не превышает прогностическую ценность трансвагинальной цервикометрии, что определяет необходимость разработки моделей на основе многофакторного анализа.</p><p>Заключение. Учитывая полиэтиологичность синдрома ПР требуются дальнейшие исследования для выявления самостоятельных высокоинформативных ультразвуковых предикторов с учетом вероятной этиологии ПР и их сочетаний с иными клиническими и лабораторными признаками в многофакторных моделях прогнозирования. Это позволит своевременно и дифференцированно проводить профилактику спонтанных ПР у пациенток высокого риска, а в случае необходимости – организовать их маршрутизацию в специализированные центры, где может быть оказана высокотехнологичная помощь недоношенным новорожденным с низкой массой тела.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality. This review summarizes current advances in ultrasound (US) for the prediction of spontaneous PTB. Special attention is paid to the methodology of transvaginal cervicometry, as well as other US features such as intra-amniotic "sludge," the uterocervical angle, the endocervix, fetal membrane assessment, elastography, and fetal response markers. The review also emphasizes the necessity of developing standardized protocols and performing validation studies to improve the reproducibility and clinical efficacy of US parameters used to predict spontaneous PTB.</p><p>To date, it has been established that ultrasound cervicometry performed between 15 and 24 weeks of gestation effectively predicts extremely early PTB due to cervical insufficiency (CI); however, these standards of examination are often not followed in routine clinical practice.</p><p>The assessment of elastography paremeters, the uterocervical angle, and the glandular index as predictors of CI-related PTB remains controversial, as does the assessment of fetal membranes, the presence of “sludge”, and fetal organ evaluation as predictors of infectious-related PTB. Although these markers hold certain potential for risk stratification, their prognostic value does not exceed that of transvaginal cervicometry, necessitating the development of models based on multifactorial analysis.</p><p>Conclusion. Given the multi-etiological nature of the PTB syndrome, further research is required to identify independent, highly specific ultrasound predictors based on the probable etiology and their combination with other clinical and laboratory markers within multifactorial prognostic models. This will allow for timely and differentiated prophylaxis of spontaneous preterm birth in high-risk patients and, if necessary, facilitate patient triage to specialized centers capable of providing high-tech care for low-birth-weight preterm neonates.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спонтанные преждевременные роды</kwd><kwd>предикция</kwd><kwd>длина шейки матки</kwd><kwd>истмико-цервикальная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковая диагностика</kwd><kwd>цервикометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spontaneous preterm birth</kwd><kwd>prediction</kwd><kwd>cervical length</kwd><kwd>cervical insufficiency</kwd><kwd>ultrasound</kwd><kwd>cervicometry</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>нет</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romero R., Jung E., Chaiworapongsa T. et al. 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