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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">usfd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ультразвуковая и функциональная диагностика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrasound &amp; Functional Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Vidar Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24835/1607-0771-356</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">usfd-356</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Ультразвуковая диагностика в акушерстве и гинекологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ультразвуковые критерии слабости родовой деятельности во втором периоде родов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrasound criteria for labor dystocia  in the second stage of labor</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-8820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михайлов Антон Валерьевич – доктор мед. наук, профессор, главный врач СПб ГБУЗ “Родильный дом №17”; главный научный сотрудник ФГБНУ “НИИ акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии им. Д.О. Отта”; профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии ПСПбГМУ имени академика И.П. Павлова Минздрава России; профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии ФГБОУ ВО “СЗГМУ имени И.И. Мечникова” Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-8820" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-8820</ext-link>E-mail: mav080960@gmail.com </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton V. Mikhailov – MD, Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief physician of the Maternity Hospital No.17; Chief Researcher, of D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology; Professor of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction of the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov; Professor of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction of Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-8820" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-8820</ext-link>E-mail: mav080960@gmail.com </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mav080960@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1116-861X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чернов Андрей Александрович – врач акушер-гинеколог, врач ультразвуковой диагностики СПб ГБУЗ “Родильный дом №17”, Санкт-Петербургhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-1116-861X</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei A. Chernov – MD, obstetrician-gynecologist, ultrasound diagnostics doctor of of the Maternity Hospital No. 17, St. Petersburghttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-1116-861X</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">terek3@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0682-0208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максименко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максименко Алексей Николаевич – заведующий акушерским физиологическим отделением СПб ГБУЗ “Родильный дом №17”, Санкт-Петербургhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-0682-0208</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei N. Maksimenko – MD, Obstetrician-gynecologist, Head of the Obstetric Physiology Department of the Maternity Hospital No. 17, St. Petersburghttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-0682-0208</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anm120482@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-2236</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ескараева</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yaskarayeva</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ескараева Асселия Боранбаевна – врач акушер-гинеколог Международного казахско-турецкого университета имени Ходжи Ахмеда Ясави, г. Туркестан, Казахстанhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-2236</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Asselya B. Yeskarayeva – MD, Obstetrician-gynecologist, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkistan, Kazakhstanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-2236</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">esc1212@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-5380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Локшин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lokshin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Локшин Вячеслав Нотанович – академик НАН Республики Казахстан, доктор мед. наук, профессор, главный репродуктолог Минздрава Республики Казахстан, руководитель ТОО “Международный клинический центр репродуктологии PERSONA”, президент Казахстанской Ассоциации репродуктивной медицины, Казахстан, Алматы<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-5380." ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-5380</ext-link>Email: v_lokshin@persona-ivf.kz</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav N. Lokshin – MD, Сorresponding member of the National Academy of Science, Doct. of Dci. (Med.), Professor, Director and Chief of the International Clinical Center of the Reproductology “PERSONA”, President of the Kazakhstan Association of Reproductive Medicine, President of the Association of International Pharmaceutical Producers, Almaty, Kazakhstan<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-5380." ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-5380</ext-link>Email: v_lokshin@persona-ivf.kz</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">locshin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">СПБ ГБУЗ “Родильный дом №17”; ФГБНУ “НИИ акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии им. Д.О. Отта”; ФГБОУ ВО “Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова” Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО “Северо­Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова” Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Maternity Hospital No17; &#13;
D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology; &#13;
Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation;&#13;
I.I. Mechnikov North­Western State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">СПБ ГБУЗ “Родильный дом №17”<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Maternity Hospital No17<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Международный казахско-турецкий университет имени Ходжи Ахмеда Ясави<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">ТОО “Международный клинический центр Persona”<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">International Clinical Center of the Reproductology “Persona”<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Михайлов А.В., Чернов А.А., Максименко А.Н., Ескараева А.Б., Локшин В.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михайлов А.В., Чернов А.А., Максименко А.Н., Ескараева А.Б., Локшин В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikhailov A.V., Chernov A.A., Maksimenko A.N., Yaskarayeva A.B., Lokshin V.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://usfd.vidar.ru/jour/article/view/356">https://usfd.vidar.ru/jour/article/view/356</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: установить ультразвуковые диагностические критерии слабости родовой деятельности (СРД) во втором периоде.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено проспективное исследование, в которое вошло 253 роженицы. Основную группу составили 73 роженицы, у которых роды осложнились СРД во втором периоде родов. Из них у 40 (54,8%) пациенток родостимуляция была эффективна и роды завершились через естественные родовые пути; у 11 (15,1%) – родостимуляция оказалась полностью неэффективной и роды были закончены операцией кесарева сечения. У 22 (30,1%) пациенток при диагностированной СРД роды были завершены операцией вакуум-экстракции плода, из которых у 17 проводилась родостимуляция, из них у 5 пациенток развилась гипоксия плода, и они были исключены из анализа данных. У 5 рожениц СРД зарегистрирована при нахождении головки плода уже на тазовом дне при наличии условий для вакуум-экстракции, что явилось причиной отказа от родостимуляции окситоцином. Группу сравнения составили 180 пациенток с неосложненным течением второго периода родов.</p><p>Всем пациенткам с момента регистрации второго периода родов каждый час проводилось трансперинеальное ультразвуковое исследование с определением угла прогрессии (УП) и дельты угла прогрессии (ΔУП).</p><p>Диагноз СРД устанавливали клинически с использованием влагалищного исследования на основании классического представления о том, что в норме скорость продвижения головки плода по родовому каналу составляет одну и более плоскости в час.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При неосложненном течении в начале второго периода родов величина УП составляет ≥120°, а нижний полюс головки плода располагается ниже интерспинальной плоскости, при этом величины почасового увеличения УП и ∆УП составляют ≥20° и ≥16° соответственно – “зеленая зона”. При величине УП ≤110° в начале второго периода роды у всех рожениц осложнились развитием СРД с последующей длительной родостимуляцией, при этом почасовой прирост величины УП не превышал 10° при медиане 5,6° [0–10°]. Медиана величины ΔУП на момент установления диагноза СРД составила 7° [0–10] – “красная зона”, а значения исследованных показателей достоверно различались в основной группе и группе сравнения (p &lt; 0,01). Таким образом, объективными ультразвуковыми критериями развития СРД явились: величина УП ≤110°, динамика УП ≤10°/ч, ∆УП ≤10°. Диагноз СРД устанавливается при выявлении двух и более критериев при почасовом измерении. При нахождении величин показателей УП и ∆УП между границами величин “зеленой” и “красной зон” в “желтой зоне” проводили определение их величин ежечасно в течение последующих 2 ч, и при повторной регистрации значений УП и ∆УП в желтой зоне устанавливали диагноз СРД.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Таким образом, динамическое ультразвуковое исследование во втором периоде родов предоставляет возможность своевременно диагностировать слабость родовой деятельности на основании объективных критериев, уменьшить количество влагалищных исследований в родах, тем самым снизить риск гнойно-септических осложнений у матери и плода и повысить чувство удовлетворенности в родах, исключить необоснованные вмешательства – родостимуляцию и оперативное родоразрешение, что может положительно влиять на перинатальные исходы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to establish ultrasound diagnostic criteria for labor dystocia (uterine inertia) during the second stage of labor.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A prospective study was conducted involving 253 patients. The study group consisted of 73 women whose labor was complicated by second-stage labor dystocia. Within this group, oxytocin augmentation was effective in 40 (54.8%) patients, resulting in vaginal delivery; in 11 (15.1%) patients, augmentation was entirely ineffective, and delivery was completed by Cesarean section. In 22 (30.1%) patients diagnosed with labor dystocia, delivery was completed by vacuum extraction; among these, 17 underwent oxytocin augmentation, and 5 were subsequently excluded from the data analysis due to the development of fetal hypoxia. In 5 cases, labor dystocia was recorded when the fetal head was already on the pelvic floor with conditions met for vacuum extraction, leading to the decision to forego oxytocin augmentation. The control group consisted of 180 patients with an uncomplicated second stage of labor. Starting from the onset of the second stage, all patients underwent hourly transperineal ultrasound to determine the angle of progression (AoP) and the delta angle of progression (ΔAoP). The diagnosis of labor dystocia was established clinically using digital vaginal examination based on the classical criteria that the fetal head should normally progress through the birth canal at a rate of one pelvic plane or more per hour.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In uncomplicated labor (“green zone”), the AoP at the beginning of the second stage is ≥120°, and the leading point of the fetal head is located below the interspinal plane, with hourly increases in AoP and ΔAoP being ≥20° and ≥16°, respectively. In cases where the AoP was ≤110° at the beginning of the second stage, labor was complicated by dystocia in all patients, requiring prolonged augmentation; the hourly increase in AoP did not exceed 10° (median 5.6° [0–10°]). The median ΔAoP at the time of labor dystocia diagnosis was 7° [0–10°] ("red zone"), and these parameters differed significantly between the study and control groups (p &lt; 0.01). Thus, objective ultrasound criteria for the development of labor dystocia were defined as: AoP ≤110°, AoP dynamics ≤10°/hour, and ΔAoP ≤10°. A diagnosis of labor dystocia is established when two or more criteria were identified during hourly measurements. If AoP and ΔAoP values fell between the boundaries of the “green” and “red” zones (“yellow zone”), measurements were performed hourly for the following 2 hours; a diagnosis of labor dystocia was made if the values remained within the yellow zone upon repeated assessment.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Dynamic ultrasound during the second stage of labor provides the opportunity for timely diagnosis of labor dystocia based on objective criteria. This approach reduces the number of digital vaginal examinations, thereby decreasing the risk of maternal and fetal infectious complications, improving maternal birth satisfaction, and preventing unnecessary interventions such as unjustified augmentation or operative delivery, which may ultimately improve perinatal outcomes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование в родах</kwd><kwd>слабость родовой деятельности</kwd><kwd>затянувшийся второй период родов</kwd><kwd>угол прогрессии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intrapartum ultrasound</kwd><kwd>labor dystocia</kwd><kwd>uterine inertia</kwd><kwd>prolonged second stage of labor</kwd><kwd>angle of progression</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandström A., Altman M., Cnattingius S. et al. 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