usfdУльтразвуковая и функциональная диагностикаUltrasound & Functional Diagnostics1607-07712408-9494Vidar Ltd.10.24835/1607-0771-383usfd-383Research ArticleРекомендации, стандарты, правилаGuidelines, standards, protocolsПрактические рекомендации ISUOG: проведение ультразвукового исследования плода в III триместре (перевод с англ.)ISUOG Practice Guidelines: performance of third-trimester obstetric ultrasound scan (translation into Russ.)KhalilA.KhalilA.

A. Khalil, Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s Hospital, St George’s University of London, London, UK

A. Khalil, Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s Hospital, St George’s University of London, London, UK

SotiriadisA.SotiriadisA.

A. Sotiriadis, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece

A. Sotiriadis, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece

D’AntonioF.D’AntonioF.

F. D’Antonio, Centre for Fetal Care and High-Risk Pregnancy, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy

F. D’Antonio, Centre for Fetal Care and High-Risk Pregnancy, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy

Da Silva CostaF.Da Silva CostaF.

F. Da Silva Costa, Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Gold Coast University Hospital, and School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia

F. Da Silva Costa, Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Gold Coast University Hospital, and School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia

OdiboA.OdiboA.

A. Odibo, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA

A. Odibo, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA

PrefumoF.PrefumoF.

A.T. Papageorghiou, Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s Hospital, St George’s University of London, London, UK; Nuffield Department for Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

A.T. Papageorghiou, Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s Hospital, St George’s University of London, London, UK; Nuffield Department for Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

SalomonL..J.SalomonL..J.

L.J. Salomon, URP FETUS 7328 and LUMIERE platform, Maternite, Obst´etrique, M´edecine, Chirurgie et Imagerie Foetales, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Universite de Paris, Paris, France

L.J. Salomon, URP FETUS 7328 and LUMIERE platform, Maternite, Obst´etrique, M´edecine, Chirurgie et Imagerie Foetales, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Universite de Paris, Paris, France

St George’s Hospital; St George’s University of LondonВеликобританияSt George’s Hospital; St George’s University of LondonUnited KingdomAristotle University of ThessalonikiГрецияAristotle University of ThessalonikiGreeceUniversity of ChietiИталияUniversity of ChietiItalyGriffith UniversityАвстралияGriffith UniversityAustraliaWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisСоединённые Штаты АмерикиWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisUnited StatesSt George’s University of London; Nuffield Department for Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of OxfordВеликобританияSt George’s University of London; Nuffield Department for Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of OxfordUnited KingdomUniversite de ParisФранцияUniversite de ParisFrance202628032026321100126Copyright © Khalil A., Sotiriadis A., D’Antonio F., Da Silva Costa F., Odibo A., Prefumo F., Salomon L., 20262026Khalil A., Sotiriadis A., D’Antonio F., Da Silva Costa F., Odibo A., Prefumo F., Salomon L.Khalil A., Sotiriadis A., D’Antonio F., Da Silva Costa F., Odibo A., Prefumo F., Salomon L.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://usfd.vidar.ru/jour/article/view/383

Оригинальный текст руководства “ISUOG Practice Guidelines: performance of third-trimester obstetric ultrasound scan” опубликован в журнале “Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology” (2024; 63: 131–147) и на сайте http://www.isuog.org. Данное руководство является переводом оригинальной версии, опубликованной ISUOG. Перевод был выполнен экспертами в этой области и отредактирован независимыми рецензентами, владеющими соответствующим языком. Несмотря на то что сделано все возможное, чтобы не допустить искажения основного смысла, процесс перевода мог привести к небольшим вариациям смысловых оттенков при использовании некоторых слов или терминов. Таким образом, ISUOG подчеркивает, что переведенное руководство не может рассматриваться как абсолютно точная копия оригинала и не несет ответственности за какие-либо несоответствия, поскольку текст руководства прошел процедуру официального одобрения ISUOG только в его оригинальной печатной версии на английском языке.

These guidelines may have been translated, from the originals published by ISUOG, by recognized experts in the field and have been independently verified by reviewers with a relevant first language. Although all reasonable endeavors have been made to ensure that no fundamental meaning has been changed the process of translation may naturally result in small variations in words or terminology and so ISUOG makes no claim that translated guidelines can be considered to be an exact copy of the original and accepts no liability for the consequence of any variations. The guidelines are only officially approved by the ISUOG in their English published form.

ультразвуковое исследование плодабиометрия плодапредполагаемая масса плодазадержка роста плодатретий триместрfetal biometryestimated fetal weightfetal growth restrictionobstetric ultrasound scanthird-trimesterReferencesKhalil A, Rodgers M, Baschat A, Bhide A, Gratacos E, Hecher K, Kilby MD, Lewi L, Nicolaides KH, Oepkes D, Raine-Fenning N, Reed K, Salomon LJ, Sotiriadis A, Thilaganathan B, Ville Y. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: Role of ultrasound in twin pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 47: 247–263.Khalil A, Rodgers M, Baschat A, Bhide A, Gratacos E, Hecher K, Kilby MD, Lewi L, Nicolaides KH, Oepkes D, Raine-Fenning N, Reed K, Salomon LJ, Sotiriadis A, Thilaganathan B, Ville Y. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: Role of ultrasound in twin pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 47: 247–263.Sotiriadis A, Hernandez-Andrade E, Silva Costa F da, Ghi T, Glanc P, Khalil A, Martins WP, Odibo AO, Papageorghiou AT, Salomon LJ, Thilaganathan B; ISUOG CSC Pre-eclampsia Task Force. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: role of ultrasound in screening for and follow-up of pre-eclampsia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 53: 7–22.Sotiriadis A, Hernandez-Andrade E, Silva Costa F da, Ghi T, Glanc P, Khalil A, Martins WP, Odibo AO, Papageorghiou AT, Salomon LJ, Thilaganathan B; ISUOG CSC Pre-eclampsia Task Force. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: role of ultrasound in screening for and follow-up of pre-eclampsia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 53: 7–22.Lees CC, Stampalija T, Baschat A, Silva Costa F da, Ferrazzi E, Figueras F, Hecher K, Poon LC, Salomon LJ, Unterscheider J. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: diagnosis and management of small-for-gestational-age fetus and fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 56: 298–312.Lees CC, Stampalija T, Baschat A, Silva Costa F da, Ferrazzi E, Figueras F, Hecher K, Poon LC, Salomon LJ, Unterscheider J. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: diagnosis and management of small-for-gestational-age fetus and fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 56: 298–312.Caradeux J, Martinez-Portilla RJ, Peguero A, Sotiriadis A, Figueras F. Diagnostic performance of third-trimester ultrasound for the prediction of late-onset fetal growth restriction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 220: 449–459.e19.Caradeux J, Martinez-Portilla RJ, Peguero A, Sotiriadis A, Figueras F. Diagnostic performance of third-trimester ultrasound for the prediction of late-onset fetal growth restriction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 220: 449–459.e19.Ciobanu A, Khan N, Syngelaki A, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Routine ultrasound at 32 vs 36 weeks’ gestation: prediction of small-for-gestational-age neonates. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 53: 761–768.Ciobanu A, Khan N, Syngelaki A, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Routine ultrasound at 32 vs 36 weeks’ gestation: prediction of small-for-gestational-age neonates. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 53: 761–768.Khan N, Ciobanu A, Karampitsakos T, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Prediction of large-for-gestational-age neonate by routine third-trimester ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 54: 326–333.Khan N, Ciobanu A, Karampitsakos T, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Prediction of large-for-gestational-age neonate by routine third-trimester ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 54: 326–333.Policiano C, Mendes JM, Fonseca A, Barros J, Vargas S, Cal M, Martins I, Carvalho C, Martins D, Clode N, Graca LM. Routine Ultrasound at 30th-33rd weeks versus 30th-33rd and 35th-37th weeks in Low-Risk Pregnancies: A Randomized Trial. Fetal Diagn Ther 2022; 49: 425–433.Policiano C, Mendes JM, Fonseca A, Barros J, Vargas S, Cal M, Martins I, Carvalho C, Martins D, Clode N, Graca LM. Routine Ultrasound at 30th-33rd weeks versus 30th-33rd and 35th-37th weeks in Low-Risk Pregnancies: A Randomized Trial. Fetal Diagn Ther 2022; 49: 425–433.RCOG. Green-Top Guideline 31: The Investigation and Management of the Small-for-Gestational-Age Fetus. RCOG Press: London, 2014.RCOG. Green-Top Guideline 31: The Investigation and Management of the Small-for-Gestational-Age Fetus. RCOG Press: London, 2014.Papastefanou I, Wright D, Syngelaki A, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Personalized Stratification of Pregnancy Care for Small for Gestational Age Neonates From Biophysical Markers At Mid-Gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 229: 57.e1–14.Papastefanou I, Wright D, Syngelaki A, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Personalized Stratification of Pregnancy Care for Small for Gestational Age Neonates From Biophysical Markers At Mid-Gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 229: 57.e1–14.Salomon LJ, Alfirevic Z, Berghella V, Bilardo CM, Chalouhi GE, Da Silva Costa F, Hernandez-Andrade E, Malinger G, Munoz H, Paladini D, Prefumo F, Sotiriadis A, Toi A, Lee W. ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): performance of the routine mid-trimester fetal ultrasound scan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 59: 840–856.Salomon LJ, Alfirevic Z, Berghella V, Bilardo CM, Chalouhi GE, Da Silva Costa F, Hernandez-Andrade E, Malinger G, Munoz H, Paladini D, Prefumo F, Sotiriadis A, Toi A, Lee W. ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): performance of the routine mid-trimester fetal ultrasound scan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 59: 840–856.Salomon LJ, Alfirevic Z, Da Silva Costa F, Deter RL, Figueras F, Ghi T, Glanc P, Khalil A, Lee W, Napolitano R, Papageorghiou A, Sotiriadis A, Stirnemann J, Toi A, Yeo G. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: ultrasound assessment of fetal biometry and growth. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 53: 715–723.Salomon LJ, Alfirevic Z, Da Silva Costa F, Deter RL, Figueras F, Ghi T, Glanc P, Khalil A, Lee W, Napolitano R, Papageorghiou A, Sotiriadis A, Stirnemann J, Toi A, Yeo G. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: ultrasound assessment of fetal biometry and growth. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 53: 715–723.Bhide A, Acharya G, Baschat A, Bilardo CM, Brezinka C, Cafici D, Ebbing C, Hernandez-Andrade E, Kalache K, Kingdom J, Kiserud T, Kumar S, Lee W, Lees C, Leung KY, Malinger G, Mari G, Prefumo F, Sepulveda W, Trudinger B. ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): use of Doppler velocimetry in obstetrics. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 58: 331–339.Bhide A, Acharya G, Baschat A, Bilardo CM, Brezinka C, Cafici D, Ebbing C, Hernandez-Andrade E, Kalache K, Kingdom J, Kiserud T, Kumar S, Lee W, Lees C, Leung KY, Malinger G, Mari G, Prefumo F, Sepulveda W, Trudinger B. ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): use of Doppler velocimetry in obstetrics. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 58: 331–339.Self A, Daher L, Schlussel M, Roberts N, Ioannou C, Papageorghiou AT. Second and third trimester estimation of gestational age using ultrasound or maternal symphysis-fundal height measurements: A systematic review. BJOG 2022; 129: 1447–1458.Self A, Daher L, Schlussel M, Roberts N, Ioannou C, Papageorghiou AT. Second and third trimester estimation of gestational age using ultrasound or maternal symphysis-fundal height measurements: A systematic review. BJOG 2022; 129: 1447–1458.Papageorghiou AT, Kemp B, Stones W, Ohuma EO, Kennedy SH, Purwar M, Salomon LJ, Altman DG, Noble JA, Bertino E, Gravett MG, Pang R, Cheikh Ismail L, Barros FC, Lambert A, Jaffer YA, Victora CG, Bhutta ZA, Villar J; International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century (INTERGROWTH-21st). Ultrasound-based gestational-age estimation in late pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 48: 719–726.Papageorghiou AT, Kemp B, Stones W, Ohuma EO, Kennedy SH, Purwar M, Salomon LJ, Altman DG, Noble JA, Bertino E, Gravett MG, Pang R, Cheikh Ismail L, Barros FC, Lambert A, Jaffer YA, Victora CG, Bhutta ZA, Villar J; International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century (INTERGROWTH-21st). Ultrasound-based gestational-age estimation in late pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 48: 719–726.Rodriguez-Sibaja MJ, Villar J, Ohuma EO, Napolitano R, Heyl S, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Noble JA, Oberto M, Purwar M, Pang R, Cheikh Ismail L, Lambert A, Gravett MG, Salomon LJ, Drukker L, Barros FC, Kennedy SH, Bhutta ZA, Papageorghiou AT. Fetal cerebellar growth and Sylvian fissure maturation: international standards from Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of INTERGROWTH-21st Project. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57: 614–623.Rodriguez-Sibaja MJ, Villar J, Ohuma EO, Napolitano R, Heyl S, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Noble JA, Oberto M, Purwar M, Pang R, Cheikh Ismail L, Lambert A, Gravett MG, Salomon LJ, Drukker L, Barros FC, Kennedy SH, Bhutta ZA, Papageorghiou AT. Fetal cerebellar growth and Sylvian fissure maturation: international standards from Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of INTERGROWTH-21st Project. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57: 614–623.Drukker L, Bradburn E, Rodriguez GB, Roberts NW, Impey L, Papageorghiou AT. How often do we identify fetal abnormalities during routine third-trimester ultrasound? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 2021; 128: 259–269.Drukker L, Bradburn E, Rodriguez GB, Roberts NW, Impey L, Papageorghiou AT. How often do we identify fetal abnormalities during routine third-trimester ultrasound? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 2021; 128: 259–269.Manegold G, Tercanli S, Struben H, Huang D, Kang A. Is a routine ultrasound in the third trimester justified? Additional fetal anomalies diagnosed after two previous unremarkable ultrasound examinations. Ultraschall der Medizin 2011; 32: 381–386.Manegold G, Tercanli S, Struben H, Huang D, Kang A. Is a routine ultrasound in the third trimester justified? Additional fetal anomalies diagnosed after two previous unremarkable ultrasound examinations. Ultraschall der Medizin 2011; 32: 381–386.Drukker L, Cavallaro A, Salim I, Ioannou C, Impey L, Papageorghiou AT. How often do we incidentally find a fetal abnormality at the routine third-trimester growth scan? A population-based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223: 919.e1–13.Drukker L, Cavallaro A, Salim I, Ioannou C, Impey L, Papageorghiou AT. How often do we incidentally find a fetal abnormality at the routine third-trimester growth scan? A population-based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223: 919.e1–13.Ficara A, Syngelaki A, Hammami A, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Value of routine ultrasound examination at 35–37 weeks’ gestation in diagnosis of fetal abnormalities. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 55: 75–80.Ficara A, Syngelaki A, Hammami A, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Value of routine ultrasound examination at 35–37 weeks’ gestation in diagnosis of fetal abnormalities. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 55: 75–80.Kinsner-Ovaskainen A, Perraud A, Lanzoni M, Morris J, Garne E. European Monitoring of Congenital Anomalies: JRC-EUROCAT Report on Statistical Monitoring of Congenital Anomalies (2009-2018). European Commission: Ispra, 2021; JRC127007.Kinsner-Ovaskainen A, Perraud A, Lanzoni M, Morris J, Garne E. European Monitoring of Congenital Anomalies: JRC-EUROCAT Report on Statistical Monitoring of Congenital Anomalies (2009-2018). European Commission: Ispra, 2021; JRC127007.Bricker L, Medley N, Pratt JJ. Routine ultrasound in late pregnancy (after 24 weeks’ gestation). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015: CD001451.Bricker L, Medley N, Pratt JJ. Routine ultrasound in late pregnancy (after 24 weeks’ gestation). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015: CD001451.Carvalho JS, Axt-Fliedner R, Chaoui R, Copel JA, Cuneo BF, Goff D, Gordin Kopylov L, Hecher K, Lee W, Moon-Grady AJ, Mousa HA, Munoz H, Paladini D, Prefumo F, Quarello E, Rychik J, Tutschek B, Wiechec M, Yagel S. ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): fetal cardiac screening. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023; 61: 788–803.Carvalho JS, Axt-Fliedner R, Chaoui R, Copel JA, Cuneo BF, Goff D, Gordin Kopylov L, Hecher K, Lee W, Moon-Grady AJ, Mousa HA, Munoz H, Paladini D, Prefumo F, Quarello E, Rychik J, Tutschek B, Wiechec M, Yagel S. ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): fetal cardiac screening. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023; 61: 788–803.Huang L, Huang D, Wang H, Zhang X, Yu H, Yang P. Antenatal predictors of intestinal pathologies in fetal bowel dilatation. J Paediatr Child Health 2020; 56: 1097–1100.Huang L, Huang D, Wang H, Zhang X, Yu H, Yang P. Antenatal predictors of intestinal pathologies in fetal bowel dilatation. J Paediatr Child Health 2020; 56: 1097–1100.Coplen DE, Austin PF, Yan Y, Blanco VM, Dicke JM. The Magnitude of Fetal Renal Pelvic Dilatation can Identify Obstructive Postnatal Hydronephrosis, and Direct Postnatal Evaluation and Management. J Urol 2006; 176: 724–727.Coplen DE, Austin PF, Yan Y, Blanco VM, Dicke JM. The Magnitude of Fetal Renal Pelvic Dilatation can Identify Obstructive Postnatal Hydronephrosis, and Direct Postnatal Evaluation and Management. J Urol 2006; 176: 724–727.Shamshirsaz AA, Ravangard SF, Egan JF, Prabulos AM, Shamshirsaz AA, Ferrer FA, Makari JH, Leftwich HK, Herbst KW, Billstrom RA, Sadowski A, Gurram P, Campbell WA. Fetal hydronephrosis as a predictor of neonatal urologic outcomes. J Ultrasound Med 2012; 31: 947–954.Shamshirsaz AA, Ravangard SF, Egan JF, Prabulos AM, Shamshirsaz AA, Ferrer FA, Makari JH, Leftwich HK, Herbst KW, Billstrom RA, Sadowski A, Gurram P, Campbell WA. Fetal hydronephrosis as a predictor of neonatal urologic outcomes. J Ultrasound Med 2012; 31: 947–954.Nguyen HT, Benson CB, Bromley B, Campbell JB, Chow J, Coleman B, Cooper C, Crino J, Darge K, Herndon CD, Odibo AO, Somers MJ, Stein DR. Multidisciplinary consensus on the classification of prenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD classification system). J Pediatr Urol 2014; 10: 982–998.Nguyen HT, Benson CB, Bromley B, Campbell JB, Chow J, Coleman B, Cooper C, Crino J, Darge K, Herndon CD, Odibo AO, Somers MJ, Stein DR. Multidisciplinary consensus on the classification of prenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD classification system). J Pediatr Urol 2014; 10: 982–998.Sherman SJ, Carlson DE, Platt LD, Medearis AL. Transvaginal ultrasound: does it help in the diagnosis of placenta previa? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1992; 2: 256–260.Sherman SJ, Carlson DE, Platt LD, Medearis AL. Transvaginal ultrasound: does it help in the diagnosis of placenta previa? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1992; 2: 256–260.Jauniaux ERM, Alfirevic Z, Bhide AG, Belfort MA, Burton GJ, Collins SL, Dornan S, Jurkovic D, Kayem G, Kingdom J, Silver R, Sentilhes L; Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Placenta Praevia and Placenta Accreta: Diagnosis and Management: Green-top Guideline No. 27a. BJOG 2019; 126: e1–e48.Jauniaux ERM, Alfirevic Z, Bhide AG, Belfort MA, Burton GJ, Collins SL, Dornan S, Jurkovic D, Kayem G, Kingdom J, Silver R, Sentilhes L; Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Placenta Praevia and Placenta Accreta: Diagnosis and Management: Green-top Guideline No. 27a. BJOG 2019; 126: e1–e48.Ghi T, Contro E, Martina T, Piva M, Morandi R, Orsini LF, Meriggiola MC, Pilu G, Morselli-Labate AM, De Aloysio D, Rizzo N, Pelusi G. Cervical length and risk of antepartum bleeding in women with complete placenta previa. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 33: 209–212.Ghi T, Contro E, Martina T, Piva M, Morandi R, Orsini LF, Meriggiola MC, Pilu G, Morselli-Labate AM, De Aloysio D, Rizzo N, Pelusi G. Cervical length and risk of antepartum bleeding in women with complete placenta previa. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 33: 209–212.Ornaghi S, Vaglio Tessitore I, Vergani P. Pregnancy and Delivery Outcomes in Women With Persistent Versus Resolved Low-Lying Placenta in the Late Third Trimester. J Ultrasound Med 2022; 41: 123–133.Ornaghi S, Vaglio Tessitore I, Vergani P. Pregnancy and Delivery Outcomes in Women With Persistent Versus Resolved Low-Lying Placenta in the Late Third Trimester. J Ultrasound Med 2022; 41: 123–133.Ruiter L, Kok N, Limpens J, Derks JB, Graaf IM de, Mol BWJ, Pajkrt E. Systematic review of accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of vasa previa. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 45: 516–522.Ruiter L, Kok N, Limpens J, Derks JB, Graaf IM de, Mol BWJ, Pajkrt E. Systematic review of accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of vasa previa. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 45: 516–522.Ruban-Fell B, Attilakos G, Haskins-Coulter T, Hyde C, Kusel J, Mackie A, Rivero-Arias O, Thilaganathan B, Thomson N, Visintin C, Marshall J. The impact of ultrasound-based antenatal screening strategies to detect vasa praevia in the United Kingdom: An exploratory study using decision analytic modelling methods. PLoS One 2022; 17: 1–18.Ruban-Fell B, Attilakos G, Haskins-Coulter T, Hyde C, Kusel J, Mackie A, Rivero-Arias O, Thilaganathan B, Thomson N, Visintin C, Marshall J. The impact of ultrasound-based antenatal screening strategies to detect vasa praevia in the United Kingdom: An exploratory study using decision analytic modelling methods. PLoS One 2022; 17: 1–18.Jauniaux E, Collins S, Burton GJ. Placenta accreta spectrum: pathophysiology and evidence-based anatomy for prenatal ultrasound imaging. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218: 75–87.Jauniaux E, Collins S, Burton GJ. Placenta accreta spectrum: pathophysiology and evidence-based anatomy for prenatal ultrasound imaging. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218: 75–87.Jauniaux E, Bhide A. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and outcome of placenta previa accreta after cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 217: 27–36.Jauniaux E, Bhide A. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and outcome of placenta previa accreta after cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 217: 27–36.Iacovelli A, Liberati M, Khalil A, Timor-Trisch I, Leombroni M, Buca D, Milani M, Flacco ME, Manzoli L, Fanfani F, Cal`ı G, Familiari A, Scambia G, D’Antonio F. Risk factors for abnormally invasive placenta: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 33: 471–481.Iacovelli A, Liberati M, Khalil A, Timor-Trisch I, Leombroni M, Buca D, Milani M, Flacco ME, Manzoli L, Fanfani F, Cal`ı G, Familiari A, Scambia G, D’Antonio F. Risk factors for abnormally invasive placenta: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 33: 471–481.Buca D, Liberati M, Cal`ı G, Forlani F, Caisutti C, Flacco ME, Manzoli L, Familiari A, Scambia G, D’Antonio F. Influence of prenatal diagnosis of abnormally invasive placenta on maternal outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 52: 304–309.Buca D, Liberati M, Cal`ı G, Forlani F, Caisutti C, Flacco ME, Manzoli L, Familiari A, Scambia G, D’Antonio F. Influence of prenatal diagnosis of abnormally invasive placenta on maternal outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 52: 304–309.D’Antonio F, Iacovella C, Palacios-Jaraquemada J, Bruno CH, Manzoli L, Bhide A. Prenatal identification of invasive placentation using magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44: 8–16.D’Antonio F, Iacovella C, Palacios-Jaraquemada J, Bruno CH, Manzoli L, Bhide A. Prenatal identification of invasive placentation using magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44: 8–16.Pagani G, Cali G, Acharya G, Trisch I-T, Palacios-Jaraquemada J, Familiari A, Buca D, Manzoli L, Flacco ME, Fanfani F, Liberati M, Scambia G, D’antonio F. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in detecting the severity of abnormally invasive placentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97: 25–37.Pagani G, Cali G, Acharya G, Trisch I-T, Palacios-Jaraquemada J, Familiari A, Buca D, Manzoli L, Flacco ME, Fanfani F, Liberati M, Scambia G, D’antonio F. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in detecting the severity of abnormally invasive placentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97: 25–37.Jauniaux E, D’Antonio F, Bhide A, Prefumo F, Silver RM, Hussein AM, Shainker SA, Chantraine F, Alfirevic Z, Delphi consensus expert panel. Modified Delphi study of ultrasound signs associated with placenta accreta spectrum. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023; 61: 518–525.Jauniaux E, D’Antonio F, Bhide A, Prefumo F, Silver RM, Hussein AM, Shainker SA, Chantraine F, Alfirevic Z, Delphi consensus expert panel. Modified Delphi study of ultrasound signs associated with placenta accreta spectrum. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023; 61: 518–525.Fratelli N, Prefumo F, Maggi C, Cavalli C, Sciarrone A, Garofalo A, Viora E, Vergani P, Ornaghi S, Betti M, Vaglio Tessitore I, Cavaliere AF, Buongiorno S, Vidiri A, Fabbri E, Ferrazzi E, Maggi V, Cetin I, Frusca T, Ghi T, Kaihura C, Di Pasquo E, Stampalija T, Belcaro C, Quadrifoglio M, Veneziano M, Mecacci F, Simeone S, Locatelli A, Consonni S, Chianchiano N, Labate F, Cromi A, Bertucci E, Facchinetti F, Fichera A, Granata D, D’Antonio F, Foti F, Avagliano L, Bulfamante GP, Cal`ı G; ADoPAD (Antenatal Diagnosis of Placental Adhesion Disorders) Working Group. Third-trimester ultrasound for antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum in women with placenta previa: results from the ADoPAD study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 60: 381–389.Fratelli N, Prefumo F, Maggi C, Cavalli C, Sciarrone A, Garofalo A, Viora E, Vergani P, Ornaghi S, Betti M, Vaglio Tessitore I, Cavaliere AF, Buongiorno S, Vidiri A, Fabbri E, Ferrazzi E, Maggi V, Cetin I, Frusca T, Ghi T, Kaihura C, Di Pasquo E, Stampalija T, Belcaro C, Quadrifoglio M, Veneziano M, Mecacci F, Simeone S, Locatelli A, Consonni S, Chianchiano N, Labate F, Cromi A, Bertucci E, Facchinetti F, Fichera A, Granata D, D’Antonio F, Foti F, Avagliano L, Bulfamante GP, Cal`ı G; ADoPAD (Antenatal Diagnosis of Placental Adhesion Disorders) Working Group. Third-trimester ultrasound for antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum in women with placenta previa: results from the ADoPAD study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 60: 381–389.Familiari A, Liberati M, Lim P, Pagani G, Cali G, Buca D, Manzoli L, Flacco ME, Scambia G, D’Antonio F. Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting the severity of abnormal invasive placenta: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97: 507–520.Familiari A, Liberati M, Lim P, Pagani G, Cali G, Buca D, Manzoli L, Flacco ME, Scambia G, D’Antonio F. Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting the severity of abnormal invasive placenta: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97: 507–520.Tinari S, Buca D, Cali G, Timor-Tritsch I, Palacios-Jaraquemada J, Rizzo G, Lucidi A, Di Mascio D, Liberati M, D’Antonio F. Risk factors, histopathology and diagnostic accuracy in posterior placenta accreta spectrum disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57: 903–909.Tinari S, Buca D, Cali G, Timor-Tritsch I, Palacios-Jaraquemada J, Rizzo G, Lucidi A, Di Mascio D, Liberati M, D’Antonio F. Risk factors, histopathology and diagnostic accuracy in posterior placenta accreta spectrum disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57: 903–909.Jauniaux E, Dimitrova I, Kenyon N, Mhallem M, Kametas NA, Zosmer N, Hubinont C, Nicolaides KH, Collins SL. Impact of placenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum disorder on fetal growth. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 54: 643–649.Jauniaux E, Dimitrova I, Kenyon N, Mhallem M, Kametas NA, Zosmer N, Hubinont C, Nicolaides KH, Collins SL. Impact of placenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum disorder on fetal growth. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 54: 643–649.Jauniaux E, Moffett A, Burton GJ. Placental Implantation Disorders. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2020; 47: 117–132.Jauniaux E, Moffett A, Burton GJ. Placental Implantation Disorders. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2020; 47: 117–132.Oyelese Y, Catanzarite V, Prefumo F, Lashley S, Schachter M, Tovbin Y, Goldstein V, Smulian JC. Vasa previa: the impact of prenatal diagnosis on outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 103: 937–942.Oyelese Y, Catanzarite V, Prefumo F, Lashley S, Schachter M, Tovbin Y, Goldstein V, Smulian JC. Vasa previa: the impact of prenatal diagnosis on outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 103: 937–942.Zhang W, Geris S, Al-Emara N, Ramadan G, Sotiriadis A, Akolekar R. Perinatal outcome of pregnancies with prenatal diagnosis of vasa previa: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57: 710–719.Zhang W, Geris S, Al-Emara N, Ramadan G, Sotiriadis A, Akolekar R. Perinatal outcome of pregnancies with prenatal diagnosis of vasa previa: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57: 710–719.Jauniaux E, Savvidou MD. Vasa praevia: more than 100 years in preventing unnecessary fetal deaths. BJOG 2016; 123: 1287.Jauniaux E, Savvidou MD. Vasa praevia: more than 100 years in preventing unnecessary fetal deaths. BJOG 2016; 123: 1287.Gagnon R. No. 231-Guidelines for the Management of Vasa Previa. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2017; 39: e415–e421.Gagnon R. No. 231-Guidelines for the Management of Vasa Previa. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2017; 39: e415–e421.Ruiter L, Kok N, Limpens J, Derks JB, Graaf IM de, Mol BWJ, Pajkrt E. Incidence of and risk indicators for vasa praevia: a systematic review. BJOG 2016; 123: 1278–1287.Ruiter L, Kok N, Limpens J, Derks JB, Graaf IM de, Mol BWJ, Pajkrt E. Incidence of and risk indicators for vasa praevia: a systematic review. BJOG 2016; 123: 1278–1287.Rebarber A, Dolin C, Fox NS, Klauser CK, Saltzman DH, Roman AS. Natural history of vasa previa across gestation using a screening protocol. J Ultrasound Med 2014; 33: 141–147.Rebarber A, Dolin C, Fox NS, Klauser CK, Saltzman DH, Roman AS. Natural history of vasa previa across gestation using a screening protocol. J Ultrasound Med 2014; 33: 141–147.Klahr R, Fox NS, Zafman K, Hill MB, Connolly CT, Rebarber A. Frequency of spontaneous resolution of vasa previa with advancing gestational age. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 221: 646.e1–7.Klahr R, Fox NS, Zafman K, Hill MB, Connolly CT, Rebarber A. Frequency of spontaneous resolution of vasa previa with advancing gestational age. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 221: 646.e1–7.Wastlund D, Moraitis AA, Dacey A, Sovio U, Wilson ECF, Smith GCS. Screening for breech presentation using universal late-pregnancy ultrasonography: A prospective cohort study and cost effectiveness analysis. PLoS Med 2019; 16: e1002778.Wastlund D, Moraitis AA, Dacey A, Sovio U, Wilson ECF, Smith GCS. Screening for breech presentation using universal late-pregnancy ultrasonography: A prospective cohort study and cost effectiveness analysis. PLoS Med 2019; 16: e1002778.Knights S, Prasad S, Kalafat E, Dadali A, Sizer P, Harlow F, Khalil A. Impact of point-of-care ultrasound and routine third trimester ultrasound on undiagnosed breech presentation and perinatal outcomes: An observational multicentre cohort study. PLoS Med 2023; 20: e1004192.Knights S, Prasad S, Kalafat E, Dadali A, Sizer P, Harlow F, Khalil A. Impact of point-of-care ultrasound and routine third trimester ultrasound on undiagnosed breech presentation and perinatal outcomes: An observational multicentre cohort study. PLoS Med 2023; 20: e1004192.Sacchi C, Marino C, Nosarti C, Vieno A, Visentin S, Simonelli A. Association of intrauterine growth restriction and small for gestational age status with childhood cognitive outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174: 772–781.Sacchi C, Marino C, Nosarti C, Vieno A, Visentin S, Simonelli A. Association of intrauterine growth restriction and small for gestational age status with childhood cognitive outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174: 772–781.Moraitis AA, Shreeve N, Sovio U, Brocklehurst P, Heazell AEP, Thornton JG, Robson SC, Papageorghiou A, Smith GC. Universal third-trimester ultrasonic screening using fetal macrosomia in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy. PLoS Med 2020; 17: 1–15.Moraitis AA, Shreeve N, Sovio U, Brocklehurst P, Heazell AEP, Thornton JG, Robson SC, Papageorghiou A, Smith GC. Universal third-trimester ultrasonic screening using fetal macrosomia in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy. PLoS Med 2020; 17: 1–15.Al-Hafez L, Chauhan SP, Riegel M, Balogun OA, Hammad IA, Berghella V. Routine third-trimester ultrasound in low-risk pregnancies and perinatal death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2020; 2: 100242.Al-Hafez L, Chauhan SP, Riegel M, Balogun OA, Hammad IA, Berghella V. Routine third-trimester ultrasound in low-risk pregnancies and perinatal death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2020; 2: 100242.Sovio U, Moraitis AA, Wong HS, Smith GCS. Universal vs selective ultrasonography to screen for large-for-gestational-age infants and associated morbidity. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 51: 783–791.Sovio U, Moraitis AA, Wong HS, Smith GCS. Universal vs selective ultrasonography to screen for large-for-gestational-age infants and associated morbidity. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 51: 783–791.Boulvain M, Irion O, Dowswell T, Thornton JG. Induction of labour at or near term for suspected fetal macrosomia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 2016: CD000938.Boulvain M, Irion O, Dowswell T, Thornton JG. Induction of labour at or near term for suspected fetal macrosomia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 2016: CD000938.Boulvain M, Senat MV, Perrotin F, Winer N, Beucher G, Subtil D, Bretelle F, Azria E, Hejaiej D, Vendittelli F, Capelle M, Langer B, Matis R, Connan L, Gillard P, Kirkpatrick C, Ceysens G, Faron G, Irion O, Rozenberg P; Groupe de Recherche en Obstetrique et Gyn ´ ecologie (GROG). Induction of labour versus ´expectant management for large-for-date fetuses: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015; 385: 2600–2605.Boulvain M, Senat MV, Perrotin F, Winer N, Beucher G, Subtil D, Bretelle F, Azria E, Hejaiej D, Vendittelli F, Capelle M, Langer B, Matis R, Connan L, Gillard P, Kirkpatrick C, Ceysens G, Faron G, Irion O, Rozenberg P; Groupe de Recherche en Obstetrique et Gyn ´ ecologie (GROG). Induction of labour versus ´expectant management for large-for-date fetuses: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015; 385: 2600–2605.Gordijn SJ, Beune IM, Thilaganathan B, Papageorghiou A, Baschat AA, Baker PN, Silver RM, Wynia K, Ganzevoort W. Consensus definition of fetal growth restriction: a Delphi procedure. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 48: 333–339.Gordijn SJ, Beune IM, Thilaganathan B, Papageorghiou A, Baschat AA, Baker PN, Silver RM, Wynia K, Ganzevoort W. Consensus definition of fetal growth restriction: a Delphi procedure. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 48: 333–339.Figueras F, Caradeux J, Crispi F, Eixarch E, Peguero A, Gratacos E. Diagnosis and surveillance of late-onset fetal growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218: S790-S802.e1.Figueras F, Caradeux J, Crispi F, Eixarch E, Peguero A, Gratacos E. Diagnosis and surveillance of late-onset fetal growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218: S790-S802.e1.Roma E, Arnau A, Berdala R, Bergos C, Montesinos J, Figueras F. Ultrasound screening for fetal growth restriction at 36 vs 32 weeks’ gestation: a randomized trial (ROUTE). Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 46: 391–397.Roma E, Arnau A, Berdala R, Bergos C, Montesinos J, Figueras F. Ultrasound screening for fetal growth restriction at 36 vs 32 weeks’ gestation: a randomized trial (ROUTE). Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 46: 391–397.Rial-Crestelo M, Martinez-Portilla RJ, Cancemi A, Caradeux J, Fernandez L, Peguero A, Gratacos E, Figueras F. Added value of cerebro-placental ratio and uterine artery Doppler at routine third trimester screening as a predictor of SGA and FGR in non-selected pregnancies. J Matern Neonatal Med 2019; 32: 2554–2560.Rial-Crestelo M, Martinez-Portilla RJ, Cancemi A, Caradeux J, Fernandez L, Peguero A, Gratacos E, Figueras F. Added value of cerebro-placental ratio and uterine artery Doppler at routine third trimester screening as a predictor of SGA and FGR in non-selected pregnancies. J Matern Neonatal Med 2019; 32: 2554–2560.Caradeux J, Eixarch E, Mazarico E, Basuki TR, Gratacos E, Figueras F. Second- to third-trimester longitudinal growth assessment for the prediction of small-for-gestational age and late fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 51: 219–224.Caradeux J, Eixarch E, Mazarico E, Basuki TR, Gratacos E, Figueras F. Second- to third-trimester longitudinal growth assessment for the prediction of small-for-gestational age and late fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 51: 219–224.Miranda J, Rodriguez-Lopez M, Triunfo S, Sairanen M, Kouru H, Parra-Saavedra M, Crovetto F, Figueras F, Crispi F, Gratacos E. Prediction of fetal growth restriction ´using estimated fetal weight vs a combined screening model in the third trimester. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 50: 603–611.Miranda J, Rodriguez-Lopez M, Triunfo S, Sairanen M, Kouru H, Parra-Saavedra M, Crovetto F, Figueras F, Crispi F, Gratacos E. Prediction of fetal growth restriction ´using estimated fetal weight vs a combined screening model in the third trimester. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 50: 603–611.Chamberlain PF, Manning FA, Morrison I, Harman CR, Lange IR. Ultrasound evaluation of amniotic fluid volume. I. The relationship of marginal and decreased amniotic fluid volumes to perinatal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 150: 245–249.Chamberlain PF, Manning FA, Morrison I, Harman CR, Lange IR. Ultrasound evaluation of amniotic fluid volume. I. The relationship of marginal and decreased amniotic fluid volumes to perinatal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 150: 245–249.Morris JM, Thompson K, Smithey J, Gaffney G, Cooke I, Chamberlain P, Hope P, Altman D, MacKenzie IZ. The usefulness of ultrasound assessment of amniotic fluid in predicting adverse outcome in prolonged pregnancy: a prospective blinded observational study. BJOG 2003; 110: 989–994.Morris JM, Thompson K, Smithey J, Gaffney G, Cooke I, Chamberlain P, Hope P, Altman D, MacKenzie IZ. The usefulness of ultrasound assessment of amniotic fluid in predicting adverse outcome in prolonged pregnancy: a prospective blinded observational study. BJOG 2003; 110: 989–994.Phelan JP, Smith C V, Broussard P, Small M. Amniotic fluid volume assessment with the four-quadrant technique at 36-42 weeks’ gestation. J Reprod Med 1987; 32: 540–542.Phelan JP, Smith C V, Broussard P, Small M. Amniotic fluid volume assessment with the four-quadrant technique at 36-42 weeks’ gestation. J Reprod Med 1987; 32: 540–542.Moore TR, Cayle JE. The amniotic fluid index in normal human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 1168–1173.Moore TR, Cayle JE. The amniotic fluid index in normal human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 1168–1173.Lazebnik N, Many A. The severity of polyhydramnios, estimated fetal weight and preterm delivery are independent risk factors for the presence of congenital malformations. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1999; 48: 28–32.Lazebnik N, Many A. The severity of polyhydramnios, estimated fetal weight and preterm delivery are independent risk factors for the presence of congenital malformations. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1999; 48: 28–32.Dashe JS, McIntire DD, Ramus RM, Santos-Ramos R, Twickler DM. Hydramnios: Anomaly prevalence and sonographic detection. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 100: 134–139.Dashe JS, McIntire DD, Ramus RM, Santos-Ramos R, Twickler DM. Hydramnios: Anomaly prevalence and sonographic detection. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 100: 134–139.Hughes DS, Magann EF, Whittington JR, Wendel MP, Sandlin AT, Ounpraseuth ST. Accuracy of the Ultrasound Estimate of the Amniotic Fluid Volume (Amniotic Fluid Index and Single Deepest Pocket) to Identify Actual Low, Normal, and High Amniotic Fluid Volumes as Determined by Quantile Regression. J Ultrasound Med 2020; 39: 373–378.Hughes DS, Magann EF, Whittington JR, Wendel MP, Sandlin AT, Ounpraseuth ST. Accuracy of the Ultrasound Estimate of the Amniotic Fluid Volume (Amniotic Fluid Index and Single Deepest Pocket) to Identify Actual Low, Normal, and High Amniotic Fluid Volumes as Determined by Quantile Regression. J Ultrasound Med 2020; 39: 373–378.Sande JA, Ioannou C, Sarris I, Ohuma EO, Papageorghiou AT. Reproducibility of measuring amniotic fluid index and single deepest vertical pool throughout gestation. Prenat Diagn 2015; 35: 434–439.Sande JA, Ioannou C, Sarris I, Ohuma EO, Papageorghiou AT. Reproducibility of measuring amniotic fluid index and single deepest vertical pool throughout gestation. Prenat Diagn 2015; 35: 434–439.Casey BM, McIntire DD, Bloom SL, Lucas MJ, Santos R, Twickler DM, Ramus RM, Leveno KJ. Pregnancy outcomes after antepartum diagnosis of oligohydramnios at or beyond 34 weeks’ gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182: 909–912.Casey BM, McIntire DD, Bloom SL, Lucas MJ, Santos R, Twickler DM, Ramus RM, Leveno KJ. Pregnancy outcomes after antepartum diagnosis of oligohydramnios at or beyond 34 weeks’ gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182: 909–912.Chamberlain PF, Manning FA, Morrison I, Harman CR, Lange IR. Ultrasound evaluation of amniotic fluid volume. II. The relationship of increased amniotic fluid volume to perinatal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 150: 250–254.Chamberlain PF, Manning FA, Morrison I, Harman CR, Lange IR. Ultrasound evaluation of amniotic fluid volume. II. The relationship of increased amniotic fluid volume to perinatal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 150: 250–254.Rabie N, Magann E, Steelman S, Ounpraseuth S. Oligohydramnios in complicated and uncomplicated pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 49: 442–449.Rabie N, Magann E, Steelman S, Ounpraseuth S. Oligohydramnios in complicated and uncomplicated pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 49: 442–449.Ek S, Andersson A, Johansson A, Kublicas M. Oligohydramnios in uncomplicated pregnancies beyond 40 completed weeks. A prospective, randomised, pilot study on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Fetal Diagn Ther 2005; 20: 182–185.Ek S, Andersson A, Johansson A, Kublicas M. Oligohydramnios in uncomplicated pregnancies beyond 40 completed weeks. A prospective, randomised, pilot study on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Fetal Diagn Ther 2005; 20: 182–185.Kehl S, Schelkle A, Thomas A, Puhl A, Meqdad K, Tuschy B, Berlit S, Weiss C, Bayer C, Heimrich J, Dammer U, Raabe E, Winkler M, Faschingbauer F, Beckmann MW, Sutterlin M. Single deepest vertical pocket or amniotic fluid index as valuation test for predicting adverse pregnancy outcome (SAFE trial): A multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 47: 674–679.Kehl S, Schelkle A, Thomas A, Puhl A, Meqdad K, Tuschy B, Berlit S, Weiss C, Bayer C, Heimrich J, Dammer U, Raabe E, Winkler M, Faschingbauer F, Beckmann MW, Sutterlin M. Single deepest vertical pocket or amniotic fluid index as valuation test for predicting adverse pregnancy outcome (SAFE trial): A multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 47: 674–679.Sandlin AT, Chauhan SP, Magann EF. Clinical relevance of sonographically estimated amniotic fluid volume: Polyhydramnios. J Ultrasound Med 2013; 32: 851–863.Sandlin AT, Chauhan SP, Magann EF. Clinical relevance of sonographically estimated amniotic fluid volume: Polyhydramnios. J Ultrasound Med 2013; 32: 851–863.Whittington JR, Ghahremani T, Friski A, Hamilton A, Magann EF. Window to the Womb: Amniotic Fluid and Postnatal Outcomes. Int J Womens Health 2023; 15: 117–124.Whittington JR, Ghahremani T, Friski A, Hamilton A, Magann EF. Window to the Womb: Amniotic Fluid and Postnatal Outcomes. Int J Womens Health 2023; 15: 117–124.Pagan M, Magann EF, Rabie N, Steelman SC, Hu Z, Ounpraseuth S. Idiopathic polyhydramnios and pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 61: 302–309.Pagan M, Magann EF, Rabie N, Steelman SC, Hu Z, Ounpraseuth S. Idiopathic polyhydramnios and pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 61: 302–309.Odibo IN, Newville TM, Ounpraseuth ST, Dixon M, Lutgendorf MA, Foglia LM, Magann EF. Idiopathic polyhydramnios: Persistence across gestation and impact on pregnancy outcomes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 199: 175–178.Odibo IN, Newville TM, Ounpraseuth ST, Dixon M, Lutgendorf MA, Foglia LM, Magann EF. Idiopathic polyhydramnios: Persistence across gestation and impact on pregnancy outcomes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 199: 175–178.Dashe JS, Pressman EK, Hibbard JU. SMFM Consult Series #46: Evaluation and management of polyhydramnios. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 219: B2–B8.Dashe JS, Pressman EK, Hibbard JU. SMFM Consult Series #46: Evaluation and management of polyhydramnios. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 219: B2–B8.Smith GCS. A critical review of the Cochrane meta-analysis of routine late-pregnancy ultrasound. BJOG 2021; 128: 207–213.Smith GCS. A critical review of the Cochrane meta-analysis of routine late-pregnancy ultrasound. BJOG 2021; 128: 207–213.Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Sharman RS, Deter RL, Park SK. Estimation of fetal weight with the use of head, body, and femur measurements – a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 151: 333–337.Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Sharman RS, Deter RL, Park SK. Estimation of fetal weight with the use of head, body, and femur measurements – a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 151: 333–337.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.