<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">usfd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ультразвуковая и функциональная диагностика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrasound &amp; Functional Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9494</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Vidar Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24835/1607-0771-092</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">usfd-92</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Ультразвуковая диагностика заболеваний сердца и сосудов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Cardiovascular Ultrasound</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трехфазные диастолические трансмитральные и внутрижелудочковые потоки и их связь с диастолической дисфункцией левого желудочка по данным эхокардиографии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Triphasic diastolic transmitral and intraventricular blood flows and their relationship with LV diastolic dysfunction according to echocardiography</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9725-7528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алехин</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekhin</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алехин Михаил Николаевич – доктор мед. наук, профессор, заведующий отделением функциональной диагностики ФГБУ “Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой” Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации; профессор кафедры терапии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с курсом нефрологии ФГБУ ДПО “Центральная государственная медицинская академия” Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации, Москва. <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9725-7528" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9725-7528</ext-link> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail N. Alekhin – Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Functional Diagnostics Department, Central Clinical Hospital of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation; Professor, Division of Therapy, Cardiology, Functional Diagnostics, and Nephrology, Central State Medical Academy of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow. <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9725-7528" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9725-7528</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7102-5614</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гришин Алексей Михайлович – канд. мед. наук, врач функциональной диагностики ФГБУ “Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой” Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации, Москва.<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7102-5614" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7102-5614</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey M. Grishin – Cand. Sci. (Med.), doctor of functional diagnostics, Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic of Department of Presidential Affairs, Moscow. <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7102-5614" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7102-5614</ext-link> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grishin200@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3541-0834</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрипникова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skripnikova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скрипникова Анна Вячеславовна – врач функциональной диагностики ФГБУ “Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой” Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации, Москва. <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3541-0834" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3541-0834</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Skripnikova – doctor of functional diagnostics, Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic of Department of Presidential Affairs, Moscow. <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3541-0834" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3541-0834</ext-link> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">scripnikova.anna@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7072-9783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капустина</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapustina</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач отделения функциональной диагностики ФГБУ «Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации; ассистент кафедры терапии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с курсом нефрологии ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента РФ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya Yu. Kapustina – functional diagnostics doctor, Central Clinical Hospital of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation; Assistant Professor, Central State Medical Academy of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7072-9783</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nast.capustina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ “Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой” Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации, Москва; &#13;
ФГБУ ДПО “Центральная государственная медицинская академия” Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации, Москва<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Central Clinical Hospital of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation; &#13;
Central State Medical Academy of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ “Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой” Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации, Москва<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Central Clinical Hospital of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алехин М.Н., Гришин А.М., Скрипникова А.В., Капустина А.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алехин М.Н., Гришин А.М., Скрипникова А.В., Капустина А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekhin M.N., Grishin A.M., Skripnikova A.V., Kapustina A.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://usfd.vidar.ru/jour/article/view/92">https://usfd.vidar.ru/jour/article/view/92</self-uri><abstract><p>У некоторых пациентов можно наблюдать ускорение кровотока в фазу диастазиса с формированием так называемой L-волны, при наличии которой трансмитральный кровоток трансформируется в трехфазный.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: установить частоту регистрации L-волны и оценить ее связь при допплеровском исследовании трансмитрального кровотока на уровне створок митрального клапана, а также в полости левого желудочка с современными критериями для оценки диастолической функции левого желудочка.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование было включено 105 пациентов (возраст 62,21 ± 11,97 (29–91) лет, мужчин 61 (58,1%)) с синусовым ритмом, из которых 30 (28,6%) обследованных были условно здоровыми, 64 (61%) пациента страдали ишемической болезнью сердца, еще 11 (10,5%) – артериальной гипертензией. Проводилось допплеровское исследование трансмитрального потока в апикальной четырехкамерной позиции в импульсноволновом режиме с расположением контрольного объема на уровне концов створок митрального клапана, а также на уровне базальных и средних отделов левого желудочка. При наличии в фазу диастазиса отчетливой положительной волны на спектрограмме со скоростью, превышающей 20 см/с, считали ее дополнительной волной L и такой кровоток в диастолу считали трехфазным.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Трехфазный трансмитральный кровоток был зарегистрирован у 9 (8,5%) пациентов, еще у 30 (28,5%) обследованных был выявлен трехфазный внутрижелудочковый кровоток. Пациенты с трехфазным трансмитральным кровотоком были старше, у них был больше индекс объема левого предсердия и чаще выявлялась диастолическая дисфункция левого желудочка по сравнению с пациентами с трехфазным внутрижелудочковым кровотоком (66,7% по сравнению с 23,3%, р = 0,042).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Трехфазный трансмитральный кровоток регистрируется существенно реже по сравнению с трехфазным внутрижелудочковым кровотоком (8,5% по сравнению с 28,5%, p &lt; 0,001). Трехфазный трансмитральный кровоток чаще наблюдается у пациентов с диастолической дисфункцией левого желудочка.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An acceleration of blood flow in the diastasis phase with the formation of the so-called L-wave may be found in some patients. The transmitral blood flow is transformed into a triphasic in the presence of L-wave.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to assess the frequency of L-wave presence and to evaluate the relationship between the presence of L-wave in Doppler imaging of left ventricular blood flow, transmitral blood flow at the level of the mitral valve leaflets, and modern criteria for assessing left ventricular diastolic function.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 105 patients (age 62.21 ± 11.97 (29–91) years, 61 men) with sinus rhythm. From a total of examined patients, 30 were conditionally healthy, 64 patients suffered from coronary heart disease, and 11 suffered from arterial hypertension. Pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound of transmitral flow was performed in the apical 4-chamber view with the sample volume located at the level of the ends of the mitral valve leaflets, as well as at the level of the basal and middle segments of the left ventricle. The distinct positive wave on the spectrogram during the diastasis phase with a speed exceeding 20 cm/s was considered an additional L-wave, and such blood flow in diastole was considered triphasic.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Triphasic transmitral blood flow was found in 9 patients (8.5%), and triphasic intraventricular blood flow in another 30 patients (28.5%). Patients with triphasic transmitral blood flow were older, with a greater left atrial volume index, and LV diastolic dysfunction was more often detected compared to patients with triphasic intraventricular blood flow (66.7% compared to 23.3%, p = 0.042).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Triphasic transmitral blood flow is revealing significantly less frequently than triphasic intraventricular blood flow (8.5% compared to 28.5%, p &lt; 0.001). Triphasic transmitral blood flow is more often observed in patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>L-волна</kwd><kwd>внутрижелудочковый вихрь</kwd><kwd>диастолическая функция</kwd><kwd>левый желудочек</kwd><kwd>допплерэхокардиография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>L wave</kwd><kwd>intraventricular vortex</kwd><kwd>diastolic function</kwd><kwd>left ventricular</kwd><kwd>Doppler echocardiography</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hatle L. Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of diastolic function in hypertensive cardiomyopathies. Eur. Heart J. 1993; 14, Suppl. J: 88–94. PMID: 8281971</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hatle L. Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of diastolic function in hypertensive cardiomyopathies. Eur. Heart J. 1993; 14, Suppl. J: 88–94. PMID: 8281971</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Virgilio E., Monitillo F., Santoro D. et al. Mid-Diastolic Events (L Events): A Critical Review. J. Clin. Med. 2021; 10 (23): 5654. http://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235654</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Virgilio E., Monitillo F., Santoro D. et al. Mid-Diastolic Events (L Events): A Critical Review. J. Clin. Med. 2021; 10 (23): 5654. http://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235654</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masai K., Mano T., Goda A. et al. Correlates and Prognostic Values of Appearance of L Wave in Heart Failure Patients With Preserved vs. Reduced Ejection Fraction. Circ. J. 2018; 82 (9): 2311–2316. http://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-18-0417</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masai K., Mano T., Goda A. et al. Correlates and Prognostic Values of Appearance of L Wave in Heart Failure Patients With Preserved vs. Reduced Ejection Fraction. Circ. J. 2018; 82 (9): 2311–2316. http://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-18-0417</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su H.M., Lin T.H., Hsu P.C. et al. Incremental prognostic value of identifying mitral L wave in patients with atrial fibrillation. Int. J. Cardiol. 2013; 168 (4): 4501–4503. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.06.118</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Su H.M., Lin T.H., Hsu P.C. et al. Incremental prognostic value of identifying mitral L wave in patients with atrial fibrillation. Int. J. Cardiol. 2013; 168 (4): 4501–4503. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.06.118</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghosh E., Caruthers S.D., Kovács S.J. E-wave generated intraventricular diastolic vortex to L-wave relation: model-based prediction with in vivo validation. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985). 2014; 117 (3): 316–324. http://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00215.2014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghosh E., Caruthers S.D., Kovács S.J. E-wave generated intraventricular diastolic vortex to L-wave relation: model-based prediction with in vivo validation. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985). 2014; 117 (3): 316–324. http://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00215.2014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lang R.M., Badano L.P., Mor-Avi V. et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2015; 16 (3): 233–270. http://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jev014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lang R.M., Badano L.P., Mor-Avi V. et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2015; 16 (3): 233–270. http://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jev014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagueh S.F., Smiseth O.A., Appleton C.P. et al. Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2016; 29 (4): 277–314. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2016.01.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagueh S.F., Smiseth O.A., Appleton C.P. et al. Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2016; 29 (4): 277–314. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2016.01.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ha J.W., Oh J.K., Redfield M.M. et al. Triphasic mitral inflow velocity with middiastolic filling: clinical implications and associated echocardiographic findings. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2004; 17 (5): 428–431. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2004.02.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ha J.W., Oh J.K., Redfield M.M. et al. Triphasic mitral inflow velocity with middiastolic filling: clinical implications and associated echocardiographic findings. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2004; 17 (5): 428–431. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2004.02.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim S.A., Son J., Shim C.Y. et al. Long-term outcome of patients with triphasic mitral flow with a mid-diastolic L wave: prognostic role of left atrial volume and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2017; 33 (9): 1377–1384. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-017-1122-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim S.A., Son J., Shim C.Y. et al. Long-term outcome of patients with triphasic mitral flow with a mid-diastolic L wave: prognostic role of left atrial volume and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2017; 33 (9): 1377–1384. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-017-1122-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merdler I., Richert E., Hochstadt A. et al. Echocardiographic L-wave as a prognostic indicator in transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2020; 36 (10): 1897–1905. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-020-01903-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merdler I., Richert E., Hochstadt A. et al. Echocardiographic L-wave as a prognostic indicator in transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2020; 36 (10): 1897–1905. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-020-01903-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lam C.S., Han L., Oh J.K. et al. The mitral annular middiastolic velocity curve: functional correlates and clinical significance in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2008; 21 (2): 165–170. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2007.05.027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lam C.S., Han L., Oh J.K. et al. The mitral annular middiastolic velocity curve: functional correlates and clinical significance in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2008; 21 (2): 165–170. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2007.05.027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masai K., Mano T., Goda A. et al. Correlates and Prognostic Values of Appearance of L Wave in Heart Failure Patients With Preserved vs. Reduced Ejection Fraction. Circ. J. 2018; 82 (9): 2311–2316. http://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-18-0417</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masai K., Mano T., Goda A. et al. Correlates and Prognostic Values of Appearance of L Wave in Heart Failure Patients With Preserved vs. Reduced Ejection Fraction. Circ. J. 2018; 82 (9): 2311–2316. http://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-18-0417</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saito C., Minami Y., Arai K. et al. Prognostic Significance of the Mitral L-Wave in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Am. J. Cardiol. 2020; 130: 130–136. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.05.040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saito C., Minami Y., Arai K. et al. Prognostic Significance of the Mitral L-Wave in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Am. J. Cardiol. 2020; 130: 130–136. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.05.040</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keren G., Meisner J.S., Sherez J. et al. Interrelationship of mid-diastolic mitral valve motion, pulmonary venous flow, and transmitral flow. Circulation. 1986; 74 (1): 36–44. http://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.74.1.36</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keren G., Meisner J.S., Sherez J. et al. Interrelationship of mid-diastolic mitral valve motion, pulmonary venous flow, and transmitral flow. Circulation. 1986; 74 (1): 36–44. http://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.74.1.36</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lam C.S., Han L., Oh J.K. et al.The mitral annular middiastolic velocity curve: functional correlates and clinical significance in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2008; 21 (2): 165–170. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2007.05.027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lam C.S., Han L., Oh J.K. et al.The mitral annular middiastolic velocity curve: functional correlates and clinical significance in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2008; 21 (2): 165–170. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2007.05.027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghosh E., Caruthers S.D., Kovács S.J. E-wave generated intraventricular diastolic vortex to L-wave relation: model-based prediction with in vivo validation. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985). 2014; 117 (3): 316–324. http://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00215.2014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghosh E., Caruthers S.D., Kovács S.J. E-wave generated intraventricular diastolic vortex to L-wave relation: model-based prediction with in vivo validation. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985). 2014; 117 (3): 316–324. http://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00215.2014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
