Ultrasound findings in patients with borderline ovarian tumors: literature review and own research data

Objective: To determine of borderline ovarian tumors ultrasound features based on own research data and literature review. Material and methods: Ultrasound examination was performed in 21 patients, aged from 25 to 58 years old (mean age 48 years) with 22 borderline ovarian tumors. Postoperative histological examination revealed unilateral serous borderline ovarian tumors in 11 patients, unilateral mucinous borderline ovarian tumors in 9, and bilateral borderline ovarian tumors (mucinous on the right and serous on the left) in 1. All tumors (n = 22) were divided into two groups: 12 serous borderline ovarian tumors to the first group and 10 mucinous borderline ovarian tumors to the second group. Results: Unilocular (with no inclusions) and solid types are uncommon for borderline ovarian tumors. For serous borderline ovarian tumors, unilocular-solid type is more typical (P <0.05 when compared with mucinous borderline ovarian tumors). For mucinous borderline ovarian tumors, multilocular or multilocular-solid types is more typical (P < 0.05 when compared with serous borderline ovarian tumors). In 4 out of 10 (40%) cases of mucinous borderline ovarian tumors, hyperechoic suspension was revealed as inner content of loculi, which is difficult to differentiate from a solid component. In some cases of mucinous borderline ovarian tumors, a honeycomb (1 case) or multilocular (3 cases) types of solid part were found (there were no cases of these types in the group of serous borderline ovarian tumors). The ascites is uncommon for borderline ovarian tumors. The majority (21 out of 22 (95%)) of borderline ovarian tumors showed minimal or moderate blood flow (type 2 or 3 according to the IOTA terminology); with no significant differences between serous and mucinous borderline ovarian tumors. Median of Vmax of intratumoral arterial blood flow in borderline ovarian tumors was 10.2 cm/s, minimum - maximum values - 4.2-15.2 cm/s, RI - 0.48, 0.31-0.55, respectively. Conclusion: The correct diagnosis with using ultrasound examination was estimated in 14 out of 22 (64%) cases of borderline ovarian tumors (serous borderline ovarian tumors in 6 out of 12 (50%) cases, mucinous borderline ovarian tumors in 8 out of 10 (80%) cases). The correct diagnosis of nonbenign ovarian tumors was estimated in 20 out of 22 (91%) cases (serous borderline ovarian tumors in 11 out of 12 (92%) cases, mucinous borderline ovarian tumors in 9 out of 10 (90%) cases).

ultrasound, doppler ultrasound, borderline ovarian tumors, serous borderline ovarian tumors, mucinous borderline ovarian tumors

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