Analysis of shear wave elastography results was done in 97 patients with prostate cancer diagnosis aged from 51 up to 78 years old. All patients had positive results of targeted biopsy (lesions which were visualized during multiparametric transrectal ultrasound) which was included in extended transrectal systematic biopsy with separate core labeling. Patients were divided in to the groups according to Gleason score value. Ultrasound was done using Aixplorer scanner (Supersonic Imagine, France) equipped with intracavitary convex probe (3-12 MHz). There was a significant difference between Young’s modulus in groups with different Gleason score (5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) (P < 0.000). Significant difference (P < 0.000) was between Young’s modulus in subgroups with Gleason score <8 and ≥8, <7 and ≥7. Emean in subgroup with Gleason score <8 was 94.0 (56.7-188.8) kPa (median, 5-95th percentiles), in subgroup with Gleason score ≥8 - 184.7 (77.7-296.8) kPa; Emax - 100.0 (66.8-215.9) and 271.7 (87.5-300.0) kPa respectively. Emean in subgroup with Gleason score <7 was 85.3 (53.9-137.4) kPa, in subgroup with Gleason score ≥7 - 92.2 (64.6-150.4) kPa; Emax - 150.0 (78.0-296.1) and 170.6 (82.2-300.0) kPa respectively. There were significant correlations between Gleason score and Emean (r _S = 0.69, t _k = 0.54), Gleason score and Emax (r _S = 0.69, t _k = 0.55) (P < 0.000 for all correlations). Cut-off values of Emean 110.0 kPa and Emax 150.7 kPa allowed to predict aggressive prostate cancer (Gleason score ≥8) with sensitivity 89.7 and 75.9%, specificity 67.6 and 82.4% respectively. Cutoff va lues of Emean 106.3 kPa and Emax 134.0 kPa allowed to predict Gleason score ≥7 with sensitivity 76.4 and 72.7%, specificity 83.3 and 88.1% respectively. 100% specificity was found out for cut-off values 141.0 kPa (Emean) and 170.0 kPa (Emax) for prediction of Gleason score ≥7 with 50.9% sensitivity (for both). However all these cut-off values are not for routine use, particularly due to selection criteria (prostate cancer with focal changes on multiparametric transrectal ultrasound).

Literature review of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in vascular medicine was presented in the article. Quality and quantity approaches to assessment of vascularization intensity were discussed. Prognostic value of neovascularization in carotid atherosclerotic plaques, diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in carotid and vertebral arterial dissection, aortic dissection, restenosis were shown. Special attention was paid to few studies regarding to contrast-enhanced ultrasound in aortic arch branches assessment in Takayasu arteritis. Clinical case of Takayasu arteritis is presented. Investigation was done by using iU22 scanner (Philips, Nederland) and SonoVue (Bracco, Italy). Intensity of vascularization was assessed according to following degrees: absence, moderate, intense. Right and left common carotid arteries and right axillary artery were examined. Moderate heterogeneous contrast enhancement of both common carotid arteries altered walls and severe heterogeneous contrast enhancement of neovessels in zone of right common carotid artery bifurcation were revealed. It corresponded with an inflammatory activity. Axillary artery examination allowed visualizing collateral flow which was not revealed by duplex ultrasound. No complications were marked.

Literature review describing infantile hepatic hemangioma and modern view on the morphological and histological classification of vascular liver lesions is presented in the article. Case of diffuse infantile hepatic hemangioma in 3 month old child is described. Ultrasound with doppler and point shear wave elastography is used. Characteristics of arterial and venous visceral blood flow disorders in case of this type of vascular tumor are given. Ultrasound results are compared with contrast-enhanced computed tomography and angiography. B-mode, doppler and point shear wave elastography positive dynamics after endovascular intervention is shown.

Over the past 7 years in the Russian Federation has developed a fundamentally new system of specialized medical care for patients with stroke. Ultrasound carries out at various stages of patient management. Main task is complete integration of sonographic procedures in diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of stroke, based on a multidisciplinary approach. The purpose of this article is to highlight the basic principles of diagnostic ultrasound services organization in care for patients with stroke.