Aim of the study was to assess cardiovascular system changes according to the ultrasound data in patients with chronic kidney disease and their relationship with mineral and bone disorder. 355 patients with chronic kidney disease underwent ultrasound investigation of the cardiovascular system (155 patients with chronic kidney disease of 1-5 stage (1st group) and 200 patients - of 5D stage (undergoing dialysis) (2nd group)). There was a high prevalence of cardiac and vessels calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease. Isolated calcification of the aortic valve prevailed in the 1st group, combined calcification of the aortic and mitral valves - in the 2nd group. According to the multifactorial stepwise regression analysis there were independent factors of cardiac calcification development: age of the patients (P < 0.001), duration of renal replacement therapy (P = 0.002), value of calcium phosphorus product (P < 0.001), and level of the parathyroid hormone (P = 0.002). According to the multifactorial stepwise regression analysis there were independent factors of vessels calcification: age of the patients (P < 0.001), phosphorus blood level (P < 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (P = 0.005). According to the multifactorial regression analysis there were independent factors associated with increased death rate: pulse wave velocity (P = 0.003), circumferential strain (P = 0.014), and cardiac calcification (P = 0.038).

Aim of the study - to assess the value of semiautomatic quantitative analysis in carotid atherosclerotic plaque volume estimation with the help of 3D ultrasound. 40 patients (7 women and 33 men) were included in to the study. All patients were with high risk of cardiovascular diseases and under the treatment of rosuvastatin (40 mg per day) for 3 months. Age of patients varied between 51 and 70 years old. Ultrasound examination was performed using iU 22 scanner (Philips, Nederland) equipped with linear (L9-3) and volume linear (VL13-5) probes. 3D images of 70 atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed before and after 3 months therapy. Statistical analysis showed good intraobserver reproducibility of semiautomatic quantitative analysis in assessment of atherosclerotic plaques 3D images. Coefficient of variation was 3.1%, Spearman correlation coefficient - 0.99 (P = 0.000). Atherosclerotic plaques volume decreased significantly in 3 months of the hypolipidemic therapy: before the treatment - 85.0 (54.8-195.5) (5.0-1 720.0) mm ³, after the treatment - 83.5 (56.0-192.0) (5.0-1 716.0) mm ³ (P = 0.045). Volume decreased in 21 cases: 81.0 (69.0-197.0) (14.0-1 720.0) mm ³ and 77.0 (60.0-194.0) (11.0-1 716.0) mm ³ (P < 0.001). There were not any changes in 11 cases: 74.0 (19.0-127.5) (5.0-678.0) mm ³ and 74.0 (19.0-127.5) (5.0-678.0) mm ³. Volume increased in 8 cases: 146.5 (75.8-171.5) (48.0-284.0 mm ³ and 155.5 (79.3-197.3) (55.0-321.0) mm ³ (P = 0.012). Semiautomatic quantitative analysis of 3D images is the perspective method which can be used in clinical practice for the assessment of atherosclerotic plaques quantitative characteristics and atherosclerotic process dynamics in the high risk group.

Article presents literature review of ultrasound value in diagnosis of uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina malformations. Problems of instrumental diagnostics due to the particular type of malformations are discussed. Different methods of malformations diagnostics are compared. Uterine cervix malformations classification is given. Clinical case demonstrating value of ultrasound in uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina malformations diagnosis is presented. Experienced ultrasound doctor can diagnose almost all uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina malformations without additional diagnostic tools.

Aim of the study was to assess the endometrium and myometrium normative range of Young’s modulus values in women of reproductive age. 45 women were included in to the study (22 healthy women were ipara, 23 healthy women had 1 or 2 labours). Age varied between 24 and 48 years. Shear wave elastography was performed using Aixplorer scanner (Supersonic Imagine, France) equipped with endocavital probe (3-12 MHz). Values of endometrium Young’s modulus were in range from 5.7 up to 29.3 kPa (median 16.5 kPa) (Emean), 7.7-33.7 kPa (17.6 kPa) (Emax); endocervix - 17.2-49.7 kPa (33.1 kPa), 18.3-52.9 kPa (38.8 kPa) respectively (P < 0.05 for both comparisons). Values of myometrium Young’s modulus were in range from 7.0 up to 41.8 kPa (22.3 kPa) (Emean), 10.7-57.0 kPa (29.3 kPa) (Emax); cervix myometrium - 17.2-83.7 kPa (42.3 kPa), 22.6-99.5 kPa (52.4 kPa) respectively (P < 0.05 for both comparisons). Young’s modulus values of the normal endometrium, endocervix, uterus, and cervix myometrium can be used for differential diagnostics of different gynecological pathology.