Literature review focuses on the diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond’s disease) - a rare disease characterized by an overproduction of fibro-inflammatory tissue of the retroperitoneal space around the aorta, inferior vena cava, and iliac vessels. The pathological process often causes obstructive uropathy, which can be the reason of kidney failure. Two cases of retroperitoneal fibrosis ultrasound diagnosis are presented. The ultrasound allows estimating localization, length of the lesion, adjacent structures involvement, presence of hydronephrosis and performing imaging follow-up during therapy.

Transthoracic echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging and speckle tracking echocardiography was done to 350 patients who later underwent abdominal surgery. 44.3% patients among them were more than 65 years old, 17.1% - more than 75. Majority (69.8%) underwent a surgery due to stomach, bowel, esophagus, and pancreas cancer. Follow up period for cardiac complications assessment was 30 days after the intervention. Cardiac complications were revealed in 64 (18.3%) patients. There were major cardiac complications in 26 (7.4%) patients and minor - in 38 (10.9%). Value of global longitudinal strain <18% was the only significant risk factor of cardiac complications with 73% sensitivity, 61% specificity, 78% predictive positive value, 66% predictive negative value, 0,640 AUC. It allowed revealing patients with high perioperative cardiac risk.

Aim of this study was to elaborate the subjective and objective acoustic characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques and other factors affecting the risk of embolism in patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke. 43 patients underwent ultrasound examination including the Doppler study of extracranial and intracranial arteries and transcranial Doppler monitoring with detection of microemboli. Different modifications of GSM-analysis (grey-scale median) were used for post processing of ultrasound images. Unstable atherosclerotic plaques presented hypermobility of the surface and areas with high suspicion for atypical mobility. Objective characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques, computed using the GSM-analysis, had their counterparts among the subjective. They are significantly differing in stable and unstable atherosclerotic plaques. All qualitative and quantitative characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques in their influence on plaque instability can be divided into factors related to complications, size, and surface type of atherosclerotic plaques. GSM-analysis allowed classifying atherosclerotic plaques into stable and unstable. Subjective and objective atherosclerotic plaques parameters, reflecting their structure, affect the biophysical characteristics of the emboli signals indirectly connected with their size and density.

37 children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis were examined. All children were operated. All patients were divided into groups depending on the timing since disease onset. The first group included children enrolled in the first 3 days of disease onset (n = 7; 18.9%), the second group - in the 4-7^th day from disease onset (n = 8; 21.6%), the third group - in the 8-14^th day from disease onset (n = 12; 32.4%), the fourth group - in the 15-21^st day from disease onset (n = 10; 27.0%). The study was done on the M7 ultrasound system (Mindray, China) with a linear transducer (9-12 MHz). Vascularization was characterized in four types: from avascularization (0) to hypervascularization (3). The sensitivity of B-mode and color flow mapping in the diagnosis of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis among all patients (n = 37) was 83.8 and 94.6%, correspondingly. The sensitivity of B-mode and color flow mapping in the diagnosis of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in the first group (the first 3 days of disease onset) was 57.1 and 85.7%; in the second group (the 4-7^th day from disease onset) - 75.0 and 87.5%; in the third group (the 8-14^th day from disease onset) - 91.7 and 100.0%; in the fourth group (the 15-21^st day from disease onset) - 100.0 and 100.0%, correspondingly.

Literature review shows the advantages of contrast enhanced ultrasound application in pediatrics, including pediatric oncology. It outlines the current indications and contraindications to contrast enhanced ultrasound. Main ultrasound contrast agents and their officially approved applications are described. The clinical trials data indicating the ultrasound contrast agents application safety in children are presented. The results of contrast enhanced ultrasound application for focal liver lesions differential diagnosis and antiangiogenic treatment response assessment are shown.